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. 2024 Apr 23;37:348–377. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.033

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Schematic illustration of 4D bioprinting technologies. (a) Micro extrusion-based bioprinting using pneumatic, piston, or screw dispensing systems. (b) Inkjet bioprinting using thermal, piezoelectric, or electrostatic ejecting systems. (c) Stereolithography. (d) Digital light processing. (e) Laser-assisted bioprinting.