. 2024 Apr 1;109(5):738–753. doi: 10.1113/EP091753

TABLE 2.

Relative force–frequency values obtained at low and high‐frequency of electrical muscle stimulation.

	RE_TF	BFR_INT	BFR_CONT	RE_VM
Baseline
1 Hz	10.5 ± 6.4	11.2 ± 5.1	11.2 ± 6.9	14.8 ± 8.4
5 Hz	14.8 ± 8.6	15.6 ± 6.7	15.5 ± 8.0	17.1 ± 6.1
8 Hz	25.8 ± 12.8	28.5 ± 11.6	27.9 ± 12.8	29.7 ± 10.6
10 Hz	33.2 ± 14.6	36.3 ± 13.5	35.6 ± 15.0	38.2 ± 12.4
20 Hz	64.2 ± 10.0	67.0 ± 9.5	68.6 ± 9.4	69.7 ± 8.2
50 Hz	90.3 ± 3.2	91.3 ± 4.9	90.7 ± 3.7	92.2 ± 3.0
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0
0 h post‐exercise
1 Hz	10.4 ± 6.3	11.1 ± 5.1	9.8 ± 5.2	14.5 ± 6.1
5 Hz	12.1 ± 7.7	15.7 ± 10.7	14.6 ± 10.0	16.6 ± 6.8
8 Hz	21.0 ± 12.0	23.9 ± 17.6	22.7 ± 14.1	25.7 ± 11.2
10 Hz	27.3 ± 15.0*^†	28.3 ± 16.9*^†	28.2 ± 15.7*^†	33.0 ± 13.4*
20 Hz	57.4 ± 14.3*^†	59.6 ± 12.0*	54.9 ± 13.5*^†	64.5 ± 8.7
50 Hz	88.8 ± 7.0	89.7 ± 5.3	82.8 ± 13.3*^†ω‡	91.6 ± 4.0
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0
1 h post‐exercise
1 Hz	10.5 ± 5.9	12.7 ± 6.6	12.8 ± 7.0	13.1 ± 5.9
5 Hz	12.5 ± 7.1	16.0 ± 8.8	15.6 ± 7.5	14.8 ± 5.5
8 Hz	20.0 ± 10.2	24.2 ± 11.8	24.2 ± 10.5	24.3 ± 9.2
10 Hz	26.2 ± 12.8*^†	30.8 ± 12.9*^‡	31.1 ± 12.8*^‡	32.1 ± 10.7*
20 Hz	58.9 ± 11.8	64.8 ± 10.6	64.0 ± 11.2^‡	66.3 ± 9.5
50 Hz	87.8 ± 4.3	90.0 ± 5.4	89.6 ± 5.2	93.2 ± 3.7^‡
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0
2 h post‐exercise
1 Hz	11.5 ± 6.2	12.1 ± 5.6	12.1 ± 5.7	15 ± 6.6
5 Hz	14.8 ± 7.1	15.1 ± 7.3	15.1 ± 6.3	17.2 ± 6.8
8 Hz	23.9 ± 9.3^†	25.2 ± 10.1	24.0 ± 9.4	27.1 ± 9.6
10 Hz	30.9 ± 12.1^†	32.9 ± 11.7	32.0 ± 11.3	35.5 ± 10.5
20 Hz	63.6 ± 11.3	66.2 ± 9.7	66.2 ± 8.4	70.0 ± 9.1
50 Hz	91.4 ± 3.8	91.9 ± 4.0	91.5 ± 3.3	91.9 ± 3.4
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0
3 h post‐exercise
1 Hz	11.2 ± 5.7	11.9 ± 5.8	14.6 ± 5.1*	15.6 ± 7.8
5 Hz	14.3 ± 6.1	15.0 ± 7.5	18.1 ± 5.8	15.4 ± 6.0
8 Hz	23.4 ± 9.2	24.2 ± 10.1	29.1 ± 8.3	25.8 ± 9.0
10 Hz	30.4 ± 11.3	32.0 ± 12.8*	37.2 ± 9.6^‡ω	33.7 ± 10.8*^‡
20 Hz	62.1 ± 9.7	64.9 ± 12.3	71.5 ± 10.2^ω‡	67.9 ± 7.6
50 Hz	89.9 ± 4.2	91.8 ± 4.6	94.1 ± 4.6	91.2 ± 3.7
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0
4 h post‐exercise
1 Hz	11.8 ± 6.4	12.0 ± 5.3	12.6 ± 4.6	14.2 ± 5.9
5 Hz	14.7 ± 7.1	16.0 ± 7.0	16.2 ± 5.5	15.7 ± 5.7
8 Hz	25.4 ± 10.7	26.1 ± 10.2	26.7 ± 7.9	25.8 ± 7.8
10 Hz	32.9 ± 12.1	33.4 ± 12.0	34.6 ± 8.7	33.7 ± 8.7*
20 Hz	65.0 ± 11.9	65.2 ± 9.8	67.2 ± 6.4	67.0 ± 7.2
50 Hz	91.0 ± 5.5	92.1 ± 2.8	92.3 ± 3.9	92.3 ± 2.8
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0
24 h post‐exercise
1 Hz	11.7 ± 7.0	11.8 ± 5.5	11.4 ± 7.1	13.9 ± 5.8
5 Hz	15.6 ± 9.3	15.8 ± 7.4	14.7 ± 8.0	15.6 ± 6.2
8 Hz	26.8 ± 13.2	26.2 ± 11.4	26.8 ± 11.9	26.7 ± 10.3
10 Hz	35.2 ± 15.3	32.9 ± 13.6	33.5 ± 13.7	34.5 ± 12.4
20 Hz	65.9 ± 11.0	63.3 ± 10.2	63.6 ± 14.1	67.4 ± 10.2
50 Hz	91.7 ± 3.1	90.2 ± 3.9	90.1 ± 6.7	93.5 ± 4.5
100 Hz	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0

Note: Relative force production at low and high frequencies at baseline and 0–24 h after six sets of low‐load resistance exercise to task failure (RE_TF), low‐load resistance exercise to task failure with BFR applied intermittently during exercise sets (BFR_INT), low‐load resistance exercise to task failure with BFR applied continuously (BFR_CONT), and low‐load resistance exercise volume matched (RE_VM) to the condition with the lowest total number of repetitions. Data are expressed as a percentage of relative force produced at 100 Hz for each time point. *P < 0.05 versus baseline; †P < 0.05 versus RE_VM at the same time point; ‡P < 0.05 versus RE_TF at the same time point; ωP < 0.05 versus BFR_INT at the same time point. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 15/condition).