Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants from MIMIC-IV grouped by TyG index quartiles a,b
| Variables | Total (n = 791) | Q1 (n = 198) | Q2 (n = 197) | Q3 (n = 198) | Q4 (n = 198) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 72.25 (60.63, 82.59) | 78.24 (64.55, 86.05) | 75.05 (64.73, 83.57) | 71.78 (60.61, 81.08) | 64.69 (53.77, 76.22) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n% | 418 (53) | 88 (44) | 118 (60) | 97 (49) | 115 (58) | 0.005 |
| GCS | 14 (12, 15) | 13 (11, 14) | 14 (11, 15) | 14 (12, 15) | 15 (12, 15) | < 0.001 |
| Severe Score | ||||||
| APSIII | 34 (26, 43.5) | 33 (25, 43) | 33 (25, 42) | 33.5 (26, 44) | 37 (27, 48) | 0.024 |
| SOFA | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (2, 5) | 0.048 |
| Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||||
| MI | 60 (8) | 16 (8) | 10 (5) | 16 (8) | 18 (9) | 0.467 |
| CHF | 76 (10) | 27 (14) | 15 (8) | 17 (9) | 17 (9) | 0.159 |
| Diabetes | 185 (23) | 45 (23) | 42 (21) | 53 (27) | 45 (23) | 0.609 |
| Renal.disease | 72 (9) | 25 (13) | 15 (8) | 15 (8) | 17 (9) | 0.249 |
| PVD | 38 (5) | 15 (8) | 8 (4) | 10 (5) | 5 (3) | 0.120 |
| COPD | 79 (10) | 23 (12) | 15 (8) | 18 (9) | 23 (12) | 0.461 |
| Hypertension | 516 (65) | 127 (64) | 136 (69) | 132 (67) | 121 (61) | 0.388 |
| Laboratory test | ||||||
| WBC (K/uL) | 9.85 (7.81, 12.67) | 8.9 (7.3, 11.19) | 9.82 (7.54, 11.8) | 10.25 (8.35, 13.22) | 10.57 (8.36, 14) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 (11.5, 13.8) | 12.38 (11.22, 13.4) | 12.8 (11.75, 14.1) | 12.78 (11.66, 13.84) | 12.7 (11.3, 13.8) | 0.019 |
| Platelets (K/uL) | 211 (169, 258) | 203.5 (166.12, 249.75) | 199 (162.25, 250.25) | 218 (178.25, 266.25) | 220 (172.75, 263.88) | 0.194 |
| RDW (%) | 13.6 (13, 14.55) | 13.6 (12.95, 14.4) | 13.5 (13, 14.4) | 13.72 (13.1, 14.6) | 13.7 (13, 14.7) | 0.409 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.85 (8.44, 9.2) | 8.8 (8.55, 9.2) | 8.9 (8.5, 9.25) | 8.85 (8.4, 9.2) | 8.75 (8.3, 9.2) | 0.289 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.5 (137.5, 142) | 139.5 (138, 142) | 140 (138, 142) | 140 (137.5, 142.5) | 139.5 (137.5, 142) | 0.828 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4 (3.7, 4.3) | 3.95 (3.7, 4.14) | 3.9 (3.7, 4.2) | 4 (3.65, 4.3) | 4.07 (3.75, 4.34) | 0.015 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.75, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.95) | 0.9 (0.75, 1.1) | 0.95 (0.8, 1.15) | 1 (0.8, 1.34) | < 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 16.5 (12.5, 21.75) | 15 (12, 19.5) | 16.5 (12.5, 21) | 17.5 (13, 22) | 17.5 (13, 24.88) | 0.002 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.65 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.187 |
| ALTc | 1.28 (1.15, 1.45) | 1.22 (1.11, 1.34) | 1.36 (1.18, 1.48) | 1.26 (1.15, 1.41) | 1.32 (1.2, 1.53) | < 0.001 |
| ASTd | 1.41 (1.29, 1.57) | 1.37 (1.26, 1.49) | 1.45 (1.32, 1.61) | 1.38 (1.26, 1.55) | 1.44 (1.3, 1.64) | < 0.001 |
| PT (s) | 12.4 (11.5, 13.8) | 12.1 (11.5, 13.74) | 12.55 (11.7, 14.1) | 12.3 (11.4, 13.59) | 12.5 (11.55, 13.8) | 0.148 |
| APTT (s) | 27.85 (25.4, 30.85) | 28 (25.85, 30.65) | 28.42 (25.49, 31.31) | 27.4 (25.45, 30.65) | 27.48 (24.81, 30.88) | 0.287 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 95 (71, 137) | 62 (51, 71) | 86 (74, 98) | 117 (99.25, 138.75) | 173.5 (134.25, 250.5) | < 0.001 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 124 (106.5, 151) | 109 (97, 125.38) | 120.5 (106, 139) | 127 (108.62, 150) | 161.5 (126.5, 213.12) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.72 (8.38, 9.17) | 8.14 (7.99, 8.27) | 8.56 (8.47, 8.63) | 8.92 (8.83, 9.03) | 9.49 (9.29, 9.86) | < 0.001 |
| Events | ||||||
| ICU-stay time (day) | 3.08 (1.72, 6.89) | 2.64 (1.48, 4.79) | 3.37 (1.78, 7.48) | 2.91 (1.53, 6.64) | 4.39 (2.11, 9.99) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital-stay time (day) | 7.06 (4.00, 13.66) | 6.62 (4.01, 11.05) | 7.6 (4.05, 13.82) | 6.69 (3.72, 12.74) | 8.89 (4.66, 17.62) | 0.016 |
| ICU-survive time (day)e | 4.48 (2.78, 8.28) | 4.31 (2.77, 8.18) | 4.22 (2.07, 8.49) | 3.8 (2.6, 7.12) | 4.9 (3, 9.59) | 0.936 |
| Hospital-survive time (day)f | 5.43 (3.12, 11.68) | 5.61 (3.28, 11.22) | 6.32 (3.19, 14.04) | 4.27 (3.02, 7.85) | 5.69 (3.08, 11.68) | 0.712 |
| Hospital mortality (%) | 110 (14) | 18 (9) | 26 (13) | 24 (12) | 42 (21) | 0.004 |
| ICU mortality (%) | 78 (10) | 13 (7) | 15 (8) | 17 (9) | 33 (17) | 0.003 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Invasive ventilation (%) | 275 (35) | 37 (19) | 63 (32) | 71 (36) | 104 (53) | < 0.001 |
| Statin agents (%) | 356 (45) | 83 (42) | 85 (43) | 90 (45) | 98 (49) | 0.446 |
| Anticoagulant agents (%) | 629 (80) | 153 (77) | 156 (79) | 159 (80) | 161 (81) | 0.779 |
| Antiplatelet agents (%) | 277 (35) | 58 (29) | 73 (37) | 64 (32) | 82 (41) | 0.060 |
Abbreviations: GCS Glasgow coma scale, APSIII acute physiology score III, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, MI myocardial infarct, CHF congestive heart failure, PVD peripheral vascular disease, CPOD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBC white blood cell count, RDW red cell distribution width, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, PT prothrombin time, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, TG triglycerides, FBG fasting blood glucose, TyG index triglyceride glucose index
aContinuous data is presented as median (interquartile range), whereas categorical data are presented as frequency (percentage)
bTyG index: Q1 (7.29–8.38), Q2 (8.38–8.72), Q3 (8.72–9.17), Q4 (9.17–12.08)
cALT in the table is the value after logarithmic transformation
dAST in the table is the value after logarithmic transformation
eICU-survive time represents the average survival time of ICU deceased patients in each the TyG index quartile
fHospital-survive time represents the average survival time of in-hospital deceased patients in each the TyG index quartile