Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the in-hospital survivors and non-survivors in MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD databasesa
| Variables | MIMIC-IV | eICU-CRD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 791) | Survivors (n = 681) | Non-survivors (n = 110) | P value | Total (n = 1113) | Survivors (n = 939) | Non-survivors (n = 174) | P value | |
| Age, years | 72.25 (60.63, 82.59) | 71.44 (60.34, 82.29) | 76.35 (66.01, 84.42) | 0.023 | 66 (55, 77) | 66 (54, 77) | 68 (58.25, 79) | 0.089 |
| Male, n% | 418 (53) | 359 (53) | 59 (54) | 0.939 | 627 (56) | 526 (56) | 101 (58) | 0.680 |
| GCS | 14 (12, 15) | 14 (12, 15) | 15 (10, 15) | 0.089 | 13 (7, 14.5) | 13 (9, 15) | 5 (3, 9) | < 0.001 |
| Severe Score | ||||||||
| APSIII | 34 (26, 43.5) | 32 (25, 41) | 43.5 (34, 52) | < 0.001 | 34 (24, 51) | 33 (23, 45) | 57 (42, 80) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA | 3 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 4 (3, 6) | < 0.001 | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | 5 (3, 7) | 0.009 |
| Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||||||
| MI | 60 (8) | 55 (8) | 5 (5) | 0.270 | 80 (7) | 70 (7) | 10 (6) | 0.521 |
| CHF | 76 (10) | 67 (10) | 9 (8) | 0.709 | 101 (9) | 83 (9) | 18 (10) | 0.623 |
| Diabetes | 185 (23) | 160 (23) | 25 (23) | 0.956 | 275 (25) | 237 (25) | 38 (22) | 0.390 |
| Renal disease | 72 (9) | 64 (9) | 8 (7) | 0.589 | 80 (7) | 69 (7) | 11 (6) | 0.748 |
| PVD | 38 (5) | 33 (5) | 5 (5) | 0.998 | 42 (4) | 32 (3) | 10 (6) | 0.204 |
| COPD | 79 (10) | 69 (10) | 10 (9) | 0.868 | 103 (9) | 85 (9) | 18 (10) | 0.691 |
| Hypertension | 516 (65) | 439 (64) | 77 (70) | 0.306 | 692 (62) | 584 (62) | 108 (62) | 0.987 |
| Laboratory test | ||||||||
| WBC (K/uL) | 9.85 (7.81, 12.67) | 9.7 (7.7, 12.3) | 11.62 (8.64, 14.81) | < 0.001 | 10.09 (7.7, 12.8) | 9.75 (7.55, 12.5) | 11.41 (9.2, 15.4) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 (11.5, 13.8) | 12.75 (11.6, 13.8) | 12.1 (10.6, 13.4) | 0.001 | 13 (11.75, 14.2) | 13.1 (11.93, 14.35) | 12.68 (11, 13.62) | < 0.001 |
| Platelets (K/uL) | 211 (169, 258) | 215 (173.5, 259.75) | 182.75 (138.5, 240.8) | < 0.001 | 213.25 (172, 262.62) | 215 (174, 264) | 198.5 (156.25, 253.12) | 0.006 |
| RDW (%) | 13.6 (13, 14.55) | 13.55 (13, 14.45) | 14 (13.25, 15.1) | < 0.001 | 13.8 (13.15, 14.74) | 13.75 (13.1, 14.65) | 14.35 (13.45, 15.45) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.85 (8.44, 9.2) | 8.9 (8.5, 9.2) | 8.57 (8.05, 9) | < 0.001 | 8.8 (8.4, 9.1) | 8.8 (8.4, 9.15) | 8.6 (8.3, 8.95) | 0.002 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.5 (137.5, 142) | 139.5 (137.5, 142) | 140 (138, 143.5) | 0.109 | 139 (137, 141.5) | 139 (137, 141) | 140 (137.5, 143) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4 (3.7, 4.3) | 4 (3.7, 4.25) | 4 (3.76, 4.4) | 0.245 | 3.85 (3.6, 4.1) | 3.85 (3.6, 4.1) | 3.8 (3.55, 4.1) | 0.231 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.75, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.75, 1.1) | 1 (0.76, 1.62) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.69, 1.15) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.1) | 0.96 (0.7, 1.44) | 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 16.5 (12.5, 21.75) | 16 (12.5, 21) | 19.5 (15, 30.75) | < 0.001 | 15.5 (11, 21) | 15 (11, 20.5) | 17.5 (12, 25.25) | < 0.001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.58, 1.05) | < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.65 (0.45, 1.05) | 0.058 |
| ALTb | 1.28 (1.15, 1.45) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.43) | 1.34 (1.2, 1.58) | 0.006 | 1.38 (1.23, 1.56) | 1.4 (1.26, 1.56) | 1.35 (1.2, 1.52) | 0.179 |
| ASTc | 1.41 (1.29, 1.57) | 1.4 (1.28, 1.54) | 1.54 (1.38, 1.77) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (1.26, 1.56) | 1.38 (1.26, 1.54) | 1.46 (1.31, 1.6) | 0.003 |
| PT (s) | 12.4 (11.5, 13.8) | 12.3 (11.45, 13.6) | 13.07 (12.1, 14.95) | < 0.001 | 13.2 (11.75, 14.4) | 13.2 (11.8, 14.3) | 13.5 (11.75, 15.25) | 0.068 |
| APTT (s) | 27.85 (25.4, 30.85) | 27.7 (25.4, 30.8) | 28.4 (25.17, 31.09) | 0.501 | 28.1 (25.55, 31.6) | 28 (25.7, 31.15) | 28.7 (24.8, 33.05) | 0.767 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 95 (71, 137) | 95 (71, 134) | 101 (70.25, 146.75) | 0.376 | 95 (69, 142) | 94 (68, 138) | 105 (71.5, 160) | 0.040 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 124 (106.5, 151) | 121.5 (105, 146) | 144.75 (121.1, 186.8) | < 0.001 | 129 (110, 160.5) | 127 (108, 153.75) | 152.75 (126.5, 191) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.72 (8.38, 9.17) | 8.7 (8.36, 9.09) | 8.94 (8.51, 9.48) | < 0.001 | 8.76 (8.33, 9.21) | 8.7 (8.31, 9.16) | 8.98 (8.51, 9.49) | < 0.001 |
| Events (days) | ||||||||
| ICU-stay time | 3.08 (1.72, 6.89) | 2.96 (1.59, 6.54) | 4.88 (2.54, 9.42) | < 0.001 | 2.92 (1.58, 6.88) | 3 (1.62, 6.94) | 2.52 (1.25, 5.53) | 0.012 |
| Hospital-stay time | 7.06 (4, 13.66) | 7.46 (4.46, 13.82) | 5.43 (3.12, 11.68) | 0.005 | 7 (3.88, 13.04) | 7.13 (4.04, 13.67) | 4.96 (2.9, 10.71) | < 0.001 |
| Medication, n(%) | ||||||||
| Invasive ventilation | 275 (35) | 188 (28) | 87 (79) | < 0.001 | 394 (35) | 315 (34) | 79 (45) | 0.004 |
| Statin agents | 356 (45) | 322 (47) | 34 (31) | 0.002 | 201 (18) | 169 (18) | 32 (18) | 0.987 |
| Anticoagulant agents | 629 (80) | 553 (81) | 76 (69) | 0.005 | 216 (19) | 180 (19) | 36 (21) | 0.718 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 277 (35) | 255 (37) | 22 (20) | < 0.001 | 120 (11) | 105 (11) | 15 (9) | 0.386 |
Abbreviations: GCS Glasgow coma scale, APSIII acute physiology score III, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, MI myocardial infarct, CHF congestive heart failure, PVD peripheral vascular disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBC white blood cell count, RDW red cell distribution width, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, PT prothrombin time, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, TG triglycerides, FBG fasting blood glucose, TyG index, triglyceride glucose index
aContinuous data is presented as median (interquartile range), whereas categorical data are presented as frequency (percentage)
bALT in the table is the value after logarithmic transformation
cAST in the table is the value after logarithmic transformation