Table 5.

List of lipidomic application in milk fat products and nutrient of milk synthesis stage based on ruminants

Characteristics of Lipid	Analytical technique	Animal species	Ref
SFA, MUFA, PUFA and CLA	GC and LC–MS/MS	Cow	[83]
35 lipids, 9 CLs, 7 PAs, 70 PCs, 7 PEs, 20 PGs, 6 PSs, 8 Cers, 22 SMs, 6 HexCers, 18 Hex2Cers, 15 DGs, 114 TGs	UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS	Cow	[84]
97.75% TG, 1.81% Chol + DG + FFA, 0.04% CE, 0.04% MG, 5.10% LacCer, 36.58% PE, 6.18% PI, 7.28% PS, 24.60% PC, 20.25% SM	HPLC-ELSD	Cow	[85]
103 lipids, 17 PCs, 15 SMs, 11 Cers, 3 HexCers, 25 TGs, 32 DGs	UPLC–Q-TOF-MS	Goat	[86]
756 lipids in 14 lipid subclasses, 5 CLs, 45 Cers, 17 LPCs, 4 LPEs, 36 PCs, 80 PEs, 9 PGs, 22 PIs, 2 AcCas, 55 HexCers, 56 SMs, 17 FAs, 15 DGs, 416 TGs	UPLC–Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS	Goat	[82]
97.32% TG, 1.89% Chol + DG + FFAs, 0.04% CE, 0.10% MG, 7.57% LacCer, 29.17% PE, 5.77% PI, 7.65% PS, 26.25% PC, 23.24% SM	HPLC-ELSD	Goat	[85]

SFA Saturated fatty acids, MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids, CLA Conjugated linoleic acid, CLs Cardiolipin, BisMePA Bis-methyl phosphatidic acid, DG Diacylglycerol, Hex1Cer Hexosylceramide, PC Phosphatidylcholine, PE Phosphatidylethanolamine, PS Phosphatidylserine, SM Sphingomyelin, TG Triacylglycerol, PA Phosphatidic acid, PG Phosphatidylglycerol, PI Phosphatidylinositol, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, LPE lysophosphatylethanolamine, MG Monoglyceride, Cer Ceramide, SM Sphingomyelin, AcCa Acyl carnitine, LacCer Lactosylceramide, Chol Cholesterol, FA fatty acid, FFA Free fatty acid, LC–MS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC Gas chromatography, UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, HPLC-ELSD High performance liquid chromatography evaporative light scattering detector