Table 2:
Risk factors for AKI in men and women.
| Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | No AKI (n = 214) | AKI (n = 74) | P-value* | No AKI (n = 661) | AKI (n = 221) | P-value# |
| Preoperative features | ||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 66 ± 15 | 72 ± 8 | .02 | 65 ± 12 | 69 ± 10 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26 ± 5 | 27 ± 6 | .23 | 26.7 ± 4 | 28.4 ± 5 | <.0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 41 (19) | 21 (28) | .10 | 172 (26) | 72 (33) | .07 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 117 (55) | 49 (66) | .10 | 347 (53) | 155 (70) | <.0001 |
| PVD, n (%) | 8 (4) | 6 (8) | .15 | 66 (10) | 28 (13) | .27 |
| COPD, n (%) | 22 (10) | 13 (18) | .11 | 64 (10) | 27 (12) | .29 |
| PAH, n (%) | 33 (15) | 18 (24) | .11 | 71 (11) | 35 (16) | .05 |
| Furosemide use, n (%) | 55 (26) | 32 (43) | .005 | 131 (20) | 88 (40) | <.0001 |
| SAPS II score, mean ± SD | 32 ± 9 | 41 ± 16 | <.0001 | 30 ± 9 | 38 ± 14 | <.0001 |
| EuroSCORE II, mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 2 | 5.9 ± 5 | <.0001 | 1.9 ± 3 | 3.6 ± 5 | <.0001 |
| LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 59 ± 9 | 59 ± 10 | .85 | 56 ± 11 | 53 ± 13 | .03 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l), mean ± SD | 74 ± 21 | 98 ± 53 | <.0001 | 93 ± 24 | 110 56 | <.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 76 ± 21 | 61 ± 23 | <.0001 | 77 ± 18 | 68 ± 24 | <.0001 |
| Kidney graft recipients, n (%) | 2 (1) | 3 (4) | .10 | 2 (0.3) | 6 (3) | .003 |
| Perioperative features | ||||||
| Surgery, n (%) | .11 | <.001 | ||||
| CAB | 55 (26) | 12 (16) | 303 (46) | 71 (32) | ||
| Valvular | 103 (48) | 34 (46) | 181 (27) | 56 (25) | ||
| Combined | 18 (8) | 12 (16) | 93 (14) | 53 (24) | ||
| Thoracic aorta | 24 (11) | 13 (18) | 73 (11) | 35 (16) | ||
| Myocardium | 14 (7) | 3 (4) | 11 (2) | 6 (3) | ||
| Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 18 (8) | 12 (16) | .07 | 27 (4) | 23 (10) | .001 |
| CBP time (min), mean ± SD | 75 ± 33 | 100 ± 51 | <.0001 | 85 ± 31 | 102 ± 43 | <.0001 |
| RBC transfusion, n (%) | 47 (22) | 27 (36) | .02 | 40 (6) | 36 (16) | <.0001 |
| Mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 1.7 | .007 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | <.0001 |
| Postoperative features | ||||||
| RBC transfusion, n (%) | 57 (27) | 43 (58) | <0.0001 | 114 (17) | 92 (42) | <.0001 |
| Mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 1 | 1.9 ± 3.6 | <0.0001 | 0.4 ± 1 | 1.5 ± 3 | <.0001 |
| Vasoactive agents, n (%) | 119 (56) | 62 (84) | <0.0001 | 376 (57) | 165 (75) | <.0001 |
| CVP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 12 ± 8 | 13 ± 5 | 0.03 | 12 ± 5 | 13 ± 5 | .001 |
| Infection, n (%) | 15 (7) | 19 (26) | <0.0001 | 88 (13) | 73 (33) | <.0001 |
| Iodinated contrast agents, n (%) | 5 (2) | 3 (4) | 0.45 | 9 (1) | 15 (7) | <.0001 |
| Fluid infusion day 1 (ml), mean ± SD | 1106 ± 673 | 1490 ± 751 | <0.0001 | 1111 ± 695 | 1362 ± 750 | <.0001 |
| ICU stay (days), mean ± SD | 4 ± 3 | 7 ± 7 | <0.0001 | 4 ± 4 | 8 ± 10 | <.0001 |
| Mortality at day 30, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 10 (13.5) | <0.0001 | 4 (0.6) | 14 (6.3) | <.0001 |
*P-values of statistical analyses performed in women and #P-values of statistical analyses performed in men. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVP: central venous pressure; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension.