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. 2024 Mar 27;17(5):sfae091. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae091

Table 2:

Risk factors for AKI in men and women.

Women Men
Parameters No AKI (n = 214) AKI (n = 74) P-value* No AKI (n = 661) AKI (n = 221) P-value#
Preoperative features
Age (years), mean ± SD 66 ± 15 72 ± 8 .02 65 ± 12 69 ± 10 <.001
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD 26 ± 5 27 ± 6 .23 26.7 ± 4 28.4 ± 5 <.0001
Diabetes, n (%) 41 (19) 21 (28) .10 172 (26) 72 (33) .07
Hypertension, n (%) 117 (55) 49 (66) .10 347 (53) 155 (70) <.0001
PVD, n (%) 8 (4) 6 (8) .15 66 (10) 28 (13) .27
COPD, n (%) 22 (10) 13 (18) .11 64 (10) 27 (12) .29
PAH, n (%) 33 (15) 18 (24) .11 71 (11) 35 (16) .05
Furosemide use, n (%) 55 (26) 32 (43) .005 131 (20) 88 (40) <.0001
SAPS II score, mean ± SD 32 ± 9 41 ± 16 <.0001 30 ± 9 38 ± 14 <.0001
EuroSCORE II, mean ± SD 2.3 ± 2 5.9 ± 5 <.0001 1.9 ± 3 3.6 ± 5 <.0001
LVEF (%), mean ± SD 59 ± 9 59 ± 10 .85 56 ± 11 53 ± 13 .03
Serum creatinine (μmol/l), mean ± SD 74 ± 21 98 ± 53 <.0001 93 ± 24 110   56 <.001
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD 76 ± 21 61 ± 23 <.0001 77 ± 18 68 ± 24 <.0001
Kidney graft recipients, n (%) 2 (1) 3 (4) .10 2 (0.3) 6 (3) .003
Perioperative features
Surgery, n (%) .11 <.001
 CAB 55 (26) 12 (16) 303 (46) 71 (32)
 Valvular 103 (48) 34 (46) 181 (27) 56 (25)
 Combined 18 (8) 12 (16) 93 (14) 53 (24)
 Thoracic aorta 24 (11) 13 (18) 73 (11) 35 (16)
 Myocardium 14 (7) 3 (4) 11 (2) 6 (3)
Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) 18 (8) 12 (16) .07 27 (4) 23 (10) .001
CBP time (min), mean ± SD 75 ± 33 100 ± 51 <.0001 85 ± 31 102 ± 43 <.0001
RBC transfusion, n (%) 47 (22) 27 (36) .02 40 (6) 36 (16) <.0001
Mean ± SD 0.5 ± 0.9 1.0 ± 1.7 .007 0.1 ± 0.2 0.2 ± 0.4 <.0001
Postoperative features
RBC transfusion, n (%) 57 (27) 43 (58) <0.0001 114 (17) 92 (42) <.0001
 Mean ± SD 0.6 ± 1 1.9 ± 3.6 <0.0001 0.4 ± 1 1.5 ± 3 <.0001
Vasoactive agents, n (%) 119 (56) 62 (84) <0.0001 376 (57) 165 (75) <.0001
CVP (mmHg), mean ± SD 12 ± 8 13 ± 5 0.03 12 ± 5 13 ± 5 .001
Infection, n (%) 15 (7) 19 (26) <0.0001 88 (13) 73 (33) <.0001
Iodinated contrast agents, n (%) 5 (2) 3 (4) 0.45 9 (1) 15 (7) <.0001
Fluid infusion day 1 (ml), mean ± SD 1106 ± 673 1490 ± 751 <0.0001 1111 ± 695 1362 ± 750 <.0001
ICU stay (days), mean ± SD 4 ± 3 7 ± 7 <0.0001 4 ± 4 8 ± 10 <.0001
Mortality at day 30, n (%) 2 (0.9) 10 (13.5) <0.0001 4 (0.6) 14 (6.3) <.0001

*P-values of statistical analyses performed in women and #P-values of statistical analyses performed in men. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVP: central venous pressure; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension.