Table 1.
Comparison of Socio-demographic Characteristics Between Cases and Controls.
| Variable | Cases (n = 80) Mean ± SD or Frequency (%) |
Controls (n = 80) Mean ± SD or Frequency (%) |
Test Characteristic (p Value) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 30 (37.5%) | 46 (57.5%) | χ2 = 6.416 (.011)* |
| Female | 50 (62.5%) | 34 (42.5%) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Unmarried | 22 (27.5%) | 22 (27.5%) | (.900) |
| Married | 57 (71.2%) | 57 (71.2%) | |
| Divorced | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Widowed | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Educational status | |||
| Graduate | 21 (26.3%) | 35 (43.8%) | (.070) |
| Diploma | 6 (7.5%) | 6 (7.5%) | |
| High school | 35 (43.6%) | 21 (26.2%) | |
| Middle school | 7 (8.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | |
| Primary | 6 (7.5%) | 10 (12.5%) | |
| Literate | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Illiterate | 4 (5.0%) | 5 (6.3%) | |
| Occupational status | |||
| Professional | 13 (16.2%) | 23 (28.7%) | (.263) |
| Skilled | 15 (18.8%) | 16 (20.0%) | |
| Semiskilled | 5 (6.2%) | 8 (10.0%) | |
| Unskilled | 4 (5.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Unemployed | 1 (1.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | |
| Homemaker | 34 (42.5%) | 24 (30.0%) | |
| Student | 8 (10.0%) | 6 (7.5%) | |
| Area of domicile | |||
| Rural | 45 (56.2%) | 43 (53.8%) | χ2 = 0.101 (.874) |
| Urban | 35 (43.8%) | 37 (46.2%) | |
| Socio-economic status | |||
| Upper middle | 32 (40.0%) | 34 (42.5%) | (.749) |
| Lower middle | 48 (60.0%) | 45 (56.2%) | |
| Lower | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Physical comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (5.0%) | 6 (7.5%) | (.744) |
| Hypertension | 9 (11.3%) | 8 (10.0%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 2 (2.5%) | 4 (5.0%) | |
| Any other comorbidities | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| None | 65 (81.2%) | 61 (76.2%) | |
| Severity of insomnia and quality of sleep | |||
| ISI | 11.19 ± 6.67 | 0.98 ± 1.38 | U = 396.5 (<.001)* |
| PSQI | 9.74 ± 3.46 | 1.81 ± 1.24 | U = 105.5 (<.001)* |
ISI: Insomnia Severity Index, PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
*p < .05, statistically significant.