Table 1.
Participant and baseline characteristics
| Overall (N=172) | DTS (N=86) | DD-CA+DTS (N=86) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD), n (%) | Mean (SD), n (%) | Mean (SD), n (%) | p-value | |
| Sociodemographic Characteristics: | ||||
| Age | 57.78 (13.26) | 61.34 (11.24) | 54.23 (14.2) | 0.0004 |
| Sex | 0.0671 | |||
| Female | 83 (48.26%) | 48 (55.81%) | 35 (40.7%) | |
| Male | 89 (51.74%) | 38 (44.19%) | 51 (59.3%) | |
| Preferred Language | 0.6147 | |||
| English | 50 (29.07%) | 27 (31.4%) | 23 (26.74%) | |
| Spanish | 122 (70.93%) | 59 (68.6%) | 63 (73.26%) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 69 (40.12%) | 32 (37.21%) | 37 (43.02%) | 0.5339 |
| Black/African American | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 8 (4.65%) | 5 (5.81%) | 3 (3.49%) | 0.7200 |
| Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Other | 98 (56.98%) | 52 (60.47%) | 46 (53.49%) | 0.4414 |
| Employment | 0.2341 | |||
| Retired, Disabled, or Not Employed | 124 (72.09%) | 66 (76.74%) | 58 (67.44%) | |
| Employed Part- or Full-Time | 48 (27.91%) | 20 (23.26%) | 28 (32.56%) | |
| Household Income | 0.1537 | |||
| ≤$20,000 | 93 (54.07%) | 52 (60.47%) | 41 (47.67%) | |
| >$20,000 | 65 (37.79%) | 28 (32.56%) | 37 (43.02%) | |
| Decline to answer | 14 (8.14%) | 6 (6.98%) | 8 (9.3%) | |
| Married or Living with a Partner | 95 (55.23%) | 46 (53.49%) | 49 (56.98%) | 0.7592 |
| High school education or greater | 89 (51.74%) | 45 (52.33%) | 44 (51.16%) | 0.9353 |
| Health/Healthcare-related Characteristics: | ||||
| Healthcare Coverage | 144 (83.72%) | 78 (90.7%) | 66 (76.74%) | 0.0219 |
| BMI | 32.7 (8.23) | 32.83 (9.13) | 32.57 (7.27) | 0.8370 |
| COVID+ at Index Admission | 16 (9.3%) | 7 (8.14%) | 9 (10.47%) | 0.7938 |
| Comorbidities/Diagnosis History | ||||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 41 (23.84%) | 26 (30.23%) | 15 (17.44%) | 0.0728 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 28 (16.28%) | 16 (18.6%) | 12 (13.95%) | 0.5361 |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 23 (13.37%) | 17 (19.77%) | 6 (6.98%) | 0.0243 |
| Diabetes Chronic Complications | 91 (52.91%) | 48 (55.81%) | 43 (50%) | 0.5413 |
| Renal Disease | 56 (32.56%) | 30 (34.88%) | 26 (30.23%) | 0.6256 |
| Baseline A1c (%) | 9.55 (2.15) | 9.38 (1.99) | 9.73 (2.29) | 0.2814 |
| Index Admission LOS (Med, IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–8) | 0.0241 |
| Baseline Self-Report Surveys: | ||||
| Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors | ||||
| Diet | 4.18 (1.78) | 4.2 (1.62) | 4.15 (1.92) | 0.8470 |
| Physical Activity | 2.55 (2.92) | 2.38 (2.96) | 2.72 (2.9) | 0.4570 |
| Blood Sugar Check | 3.51 (3.21) | 4.13 (3.12) | 2.88 (3.21) | 0.0111 |
| Insulin (#NA: 83; 33; 50) | 5.74 (2.44) | 5.62 (2.54) | 5.92 (2.32) | 0.5739 |
| Diabetes Pills (#NA: 52; 27; 25) | 5.72 (2.44) | 5.78 (2.41) | 5.66 (2.5) | 0.7824 |
| Diabetes Distress | ||||
| Overall (n= 153; 75; 78) | 1.89 (0.86) | 1.93 (0.86) | 1.85 (0.85) | 0.5976 |
| Emotional Burden | 1.67 (0.82) | 1.69 (0.8) | 1.66 (0.84) | 0.7952 |
| Physical Distress | 2.16 (1.04) | 2.19 (1.08) | 2.14 (1.01) | 0.7513 |
| Regimen Distress | 2.2 (1.18) | 2.32 (1.19) | 2.08 (1.16) | 0.1949 |
| Interpersonal Distress | 1.47 (0.79) | 1.51 (0.77) | 1.42 (0.81) | 0.5095 |
| Quality of Life (n=167; 84; 83) | ||||
| Physical | 12.19 (3.24) | 11.98 (3.23) | 12.41 (3.25) | 0.3811 |
| Mental | 13.4 (3.18) | 13.31 (3.27) | 13.5 (3.09) | 0.6987 |
Abbreviations: LOS – Length of stay; IQR – interquartile range (Q1 – Q3)