Table 2.
Study engagement and outcomes by arm
| DTS (N=86) | DD-CA+DTS (N=86) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%), Mean (SD) | n (%), Mean (SD) | p-value | adj. p-value* | |
| Engagement (Totals over 6-months) | ||||
| Blood glucose text responses (as % of those received) (Med, IQR) | -# | 11.02 (1.69–41.10) | - | - |
| Transmitted blood glucose checks on connected meter (Med, IQR) | 1.00 (0.00–16.00) | 1.50 (0.00–49.25) | 0.4752 | - |
| Readmissions | ||||
| 30-day: Among all enrolled | 13 (15.12%) | 24 (27.91%) | 0.0626 | 0.0765 |
| 30-day: Among alive at 30-days | 13 (15.29%) | 23 (27.38%) | 0.0622 | 0.0967 |
| 30-day: All emergent/urgent admissions | 10 (11.63%) | 21 (24.42%) | 0.0461 | 0.1130 |
| 30-day: All elective/non-urgent admissions | 3 (3.49%) | 6 (6.98%) | 0.4960 | 0.1718 |
| 90-day: Among all enrolled | 30 (34.88%) | 32 (37.21%) | 0.8739 | 0.8130 |
| 90-day: Among alive at 90-days | 29 (34.94%) | 30 (36.14%) | >0.9999 | 0.9909 |
| 90-day: All emergent/urgent admissions | 26 (30.23%) | 26 (30.23%) | >0.9999 | 0.8870 |
| 90-day: All elective/non-urgent admissions | 13 (15.12%) | 10 (11.63%) | 0.6549 | 0.6939 |
| Mortality | ||||
| 30-day Mortality | 1 (1.16%) | 2 (2.33%) | >0.9999 | 0.3256 |
| 90-day Mortality | 3 (3.49%) | 3 (3.49%) | >0.9999 | 0.6974 |
| New COVID-19 Infections | ||||
| Month 3 (no prior infection N=113, 57, 56) | 2 (3.51%) | 5 (8.93%) | 0.2712 | 0.4230 |
| Month 6 (no prior infection N=98, 49, 49) | 3 (6.12%) | 2 (4.08%) | >0.9999 | 0.4931 |
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| Absolute M3 A1c (n=57; 29, 28) | 7.53 (1.13) | 7.32 (1.36) | 0.5234 | 0.458 |
| Absolute M6 A1c (n=65; 34, 31) | 7.85 (1.49) | 7.71 (1.46) | 0.7088 | 0.511 |
| M3: Change from Baseline (n=56; 29, 27) | −1.45 (2.04) | −2.69 (2.53) | 0.0496 | 0.155 |
| M6: Change from Baseline (n=64; 34, 30) | −0.91 (2.02) | −2.03 (2.66) | 0.0651 | 0.161 |
| Self-Report Surveys: 3-month change from Baseline | ||||
| DDS: Overall | −0.31 (0.69) | −0.42 (0.77) | 0.4702 | 0.7128 |
| DDS: Emotional Burden | −0.27 (0.83) | −0.42 (0.81) | 0.3411 | 0.4721 |
| DDS: Physical Distress | −0.24 (1.18) | −0.57 (0.97) | 0.1093 | 0.3632 |
| DDS: Regimen Distress | −0.38 (1.03) | −0.46 (1) | 0.7004 | 0.9980 |
| DDS: Interpersonal Distress | −0.12 (0.84) | −0.15 (1.06) | 0.8657 | 0.8930 |
| SDSCA: Diet | 1.06 (1.89) | 0.99 (1.99) | 0.8635 | 0.7750 |
| SDSCA: Physical Activity | 0.47 (3.45) | 1.77 (3.41) | 0.0471 | 0.0939 |
| SDSCA: Blood Sugar Check | 1.64 (3.11) | 3.08 (3.37) | 0.0218 | 0.1661 |
| SDSCA: Insulin | 0.54 (1.6) | 0.7 (2.44) | 0.7884 | 0.7150 |
| SDSCA: Diabetes Pills | 0.33 (2.15) | 1.15 (2.56) | 0.1647 | 0.3339 |
| PROMIS Physical | 0.55 (3.21) | 0.87 (2.73) | 0.5779 | 0.5650 |
| PROMIS Mental | −0.16 (2.92) | 0.91 (2.74) | 0.0493 | 0.0985 |
| Self-Report Surveys: 6-month change from baseline | ||||
| DDS: Overall | −0.35 (0.58) | −0.56 (0.68) | 0.1258 | 0.2230 |
| DDS: Emotional Burden | −0.21 (0.62) | −0.43 (0.78) | 0.1284 | 0.2030 |
| DDS: Physical Distress | −0.46 (0.86) | −0.61 (0.92) | 0.4154 | 0.8412 |
| DDS: Regimen Distress | −0.55 (0.85) | −0.65 (1) | 0.6127 | 0.7060 |
| DDS: Interpersonal Distress | −0.3 (0.89) | −0.32 (0.81) | 0.9375 | 0.9680 |
| SDSCA: Diet | 0.82 (1.69) | 1.08 (2.08) | 0.5090 | 0.7190 |
| SDSCA: Physical Activity | 1.33 (3.13) | 1.89 (3.41) | 0.4034 | 0.7653 |
| SDSCA: Blood Sugar Check | 0.76 (3.41) | 2.38 (3.19) | 0.0175 | 0.0455 |
| SDSCA: Insulin | 0.13 (1.98) | 0.4 (2.16) | 0.6610 | 0.4318 |
| SDSCA: Diabetes Pills | 0.48 (2.36) | 0.73 (2.8) | 0.7090 | 0.8070 |
| PROMIS Physical | 0.38 (3.37) | 1.59 (3.33) | 0.0773 | 0.0310 |
| PROMIS Mental | −0.21 (2.82) | 0.81 (3) | 0.0921 | 0.1115 |
#
Only applicable to DD-CA arm
*
p-value reported after controlling for variables age, insurance coverage, and index hospitalization LOS that differed at baseline between groups Bolded values indicate significant associations (p < .05)