. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Aging Health. 2023 May 19;36(1-2):133–142. doi: 10.1177/08982643231176669

Table 2.

Demographic Characteristics and Descriptive Statistics of Healthcare Use

Variables n (%) or mean + SD	Overall (N=45000)	No Sensory Loss (N=37355)	Hearing Loss (N=2479)	Vision Loss (N=4697)	Dual Sensory Loss (N=469)	p-value
Age (years)	74.0 (7.4)	73.7 (7.2)^a	76.2 (8.3)^b	75.1 (7.6)^c	78.2 (8.4)^d	<0.001
Female	26,741 (59.4%)	22112 (59.2%)^a	1349 (54.4%)^b	2996 (63.8%)^c	284 (60.6%)^abc	<0.001
White	30,408 (67.6%)	25962 (69.5%)^a	1764 (71.2%)^a	2419 (51.5)^b	263 (56.1%)^b	<0.001
English Speaker	44,071 (97.9%)	36574 (97.9%)	2436 (98.3%)	4604 (98.0%)	457 (97.4%)	0.53
Elixhauser Comorbidity Index	2.4 ± 1.9	2.3 ± 1.9^a	2.6 ± 2.0^b	2.7 ± 2.1^b	2.8 ± 2.0^b	<0.001
At least one hospitalization	4084 (9.1%)	3330 (8.9%)	250 (10.1%)	455 (9.7%)	49 (10.4%)	0.06
At least one ED visit	4091 (9.1%)	3184 (8.5%)^a	299 (12.1%)^b	553 (11.8%)^b	55 (11.7%)^b	<0.001
Use of home health services	2160 (4.8%)	1616 (4.3%)^a	177 (7.1%)^b	324 (6.9%)^b	43 (9.2%)^b	<0.001

Note: Pairwise comparisons were performed if the overall comparison was significant at p = 0.05. A variable was not different significantly among sensory loss groups with the same superscript but was different significantly between sensory groups with different superscripts. P values for pair comparisons were adjusted using the Tukey-Kramer method, and the significance level was set at p < 0.1.