Table 2.
Baseline biomarkers according to baseline age and incident CHD status.
| Baseline age <65 years N = 25 042 |
Baseline age ≥65 years N = 2982 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHD N = 447 |
Non-CHD N = 24 595 |
CHD N = 351 |
Non-CHD N = 2631 |
|
| Lipid/apolipoprotein biomarker concentration | ||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 224.0 (198.0–252.0)* | 206.0 (182.0–234.0) | 226.0 (201.0–254.0)** | 220.0 (196.0–244.0) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 133.5 (111.1–157.2)* | 120.1 (99.4–142.8) | 136.7 (116.1–159.3)** | 130.2 (110.0–152.8) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 42.7 (35.6–52.0)* | 52.0 (43.3–62.4) | 47.6 (39.5–59.5)* | 52.1 (42.9–62.7) |
| Total/HDL cholesterol ratio | 5.3 (4.1–6.5)* | 3.9 (3.2–4.9) | 4.6 (3.9–5.7)* | 4.2 (3.4–5.2) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 166.0 (116.0–262.0)* | 116.0 (82.0–173.0) | 154.5 (107.0–214.0)* | 132.0 (93.0–186.0) |
| Trig/HDL cholesterol ratio | 4.0 (2.2–6.5)* | 2.2 (1.4–3.7) | 3.1 (1.9–5.1)* | 2.5 (1.6–4.0) |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 177.9 (149.5–206.1)* | 152.5 (127.6–180.0) | 178.0 (150.3–201.6)* | 165.4 (141.6–190.9) |
| Apolipoprotein B, mg/dL | 120.0 (97.4–140.6)* | 98.8 (82.8–119.4) | 120.7 (103.8–137.3)* | 111.7 (92.8–129.7) |
| Apolipoprotein A-I, mg/dL | 135.4 (121.1–155.2)* | 149.0 (132.4–167.7) | 147.4 (130.5–169.8) | 150.4 (134.7–170.2) |
| Lipoprotein(a), mg/dL | 14.9 (5.0–54.7)* | 10.4 (4.4–31.8) | 12.2 (4.8–50.0) | 11.9 (4.9–34.3) |
| Lipoprotein biomarker concentration | ||||
| Total LDL particles, nmol/L | 1776.0 (1543.2–2112.0)* | 1549.1 (1313.5–1815.7) | 1852.5 (1580.4–2081.2)* | 1686.9 (1458.6–1938.9) |
| Large LDL particles | 191.6 (50.0–403.6)* | 305.5 (161.7–464.6) | 297.9 (113.7–504.9) | 326.1 (163.8–489.5) |
| Medium LDL particles | 71.4 (0.0–265.8)* | 161.5 (1.3–351.0) | 64.0 (0.0–281.7)** | 130.3 (0.0–325.2) |
| Small LDL particles | 1375.8 (920.0–1796.9)* | 932.5 (674.1–1305.7) | 1338.3 (861.8–1755.3)* | 1073.8 (792.8–1473.7) |
| LDL particle avg. size, nm | 20.7 (20.3–21.1)* | 20.9 (20.6–21.2) | 20.8 (20.4–21.2)*** | 20.9 (20.6–21.2) |
| Total TRL particles, nmol/L | 189.8 (157.2–234.9)* | 164.0 (128.3–205.4) | 195.9 (157.5–243.4)* | 184.1 (145.4–225.6) |
| Very large TRL particles | 0.2 (0.1–0.4)* | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3)** | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) |
| Large TRL particles | 3.2 (1.0–6.3)* | 1.5 (0.3–4.2) | 3.0 (0.8–5.2)** | 2.1 (0.5–4.7) |
| Medium TRL particles | 21.0 (13.3–33.2)* | 15.5 (8.3–25.1) | 20.7 (12.3–30.7)** | 17.5 (10.0–27.3) |
| Small TRL particles | 58.7 (33.7–84.5) | 54.8 (33.7–80.8) | 61.1 (37.8–91.9) | 61.4 (36.7–89.4) |
| Very small TRL particles | 98.9 (75.7–134.6)* | 82.9 (57.7–113.0) | 101.9 (71.9–136.6)** | 92.9 (66.5–124.4) |
| TRL cholesterol, mg/dL | 33.3 (27.0–41.7)* | 28.4 (21.8–35.9) | 34.2 (27.2–42.2)* | 31.8 (24.8–39.3) |
| TRL triglycerides, mg/dL | 104.4 (72.9–147.8)* | 80.8 (55.0–116.0) | 99.5 (69.8–141.2)* | 90.7 (63.3–125.7) |
| TRL particle avg. size, nm | 45.4 (39.8–52.0)* | 42.4 (38.5–47.8) | 43.7 (39.8–49.1)*** | 42.8 (39.0–48.0) |
| Total HDL particles, μmol/L | 23.3 (21.1–26.3)* | 24.4 (22.0–27.0) | 24.5 (22.2–27.0) | 24.4 (22.0–27.0) |
| Large HDL particles | 1.4 (0.9–2.2)* | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 1.9 (1.2–3.1)*** | 2.1 (1.4–3.3) |
| Medium HDL particles | 4.1 (2.4–6.1)* | 5.4 (3.8–7.3) | 4.3 (2.9–6.5)*** | 4.9 (3.3–6.7) |
| Small HDL particles | 17.3 (15.4–19.4)* | 16.3 (14.0–18.6) | 17.4 (15.2–19.7)** | 16.7 (14.6–19.2) |
| HDL particle avg. size, nm | 8.7 (8.5–8.9)* | 8.9 (8.7–9.2) | 8.8 (8.6–9.1)** | 8.9 (8.7–9.2) |
| Inflammatory biomarker concentration | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 3.4 (1.5–6.8)* | 2.0 (0.8–4.3) | 2.9 (1.3–5.5)** | 2.3 (1.0–4.5) |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 385.2 (326.2–453.1)* | 347.0 (305.1–397.8) | 392.3 (338.6–445.4)** | 380.4 (333.5–431.5) |
| ICAM-1, ng/mL | 377.9 (326.2–452.5)* | 339.7 (298.7–391.2) | 373.6 (334.2–422.6)** | 360.9 (321.7–408.8) |
| GlycA, μmol/L | 419.0 (371.0–469.0)* | 381.0 (337.0–429.0) | 403.0 (363.0–449.0)** | 389.0 (348.0–433.0) |
| Metabolic biomarker concentration | ||||
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.1 (4.9–5.5)* | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) | 5.1 (5.0–5.4)** | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) |
| LPIR score (0–100) | 59 (38–74)* | 39 (20–60) | 50 (30–68)* | 44 (23–62) |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 11.1 (8.9–13.8)** | 10.4 (8.6–12.8) | 11.3 (9.3–14.2) | 11.1 (9.3–13.5) |
| Citrate, μmol/L | 94.5 (80.3–110.2) | 93.2 (77.8–109.7) | 100.9 (85.5–116.6) | 100.0 (84.4–117.7) |
| Total BCAAs, μmol/L | 430.9 (374.0–511.3)* | 401.1 (349.6–460.9) | 406.7 (354.0–475.1)*** | 396.1 (348.5–452.9) |
| Valine, μmol/L | 236.0 (205.0–272.4)* | 219.7 (192.7–250.5) | 224.7 (198.2–261.1)** | 218.9 (192.2–247.1) |
| Leucine, μmol/L | 140.0 (116.2–172.9)* | 131.6 (110.2–154.8) | 133.0 (110.5–155.7) | 129.7 (109.2–153.0) |
| Isoleucine, μmol/L | 58.7 (42.2–76.9)* | 50.4 (38.8–64.0) | 52.8 (41.8–67.5)** | 48.9 (37.7–62.7) |
| Alanine, μmol/L | 419.0 (355.8–500.9)** | 402.6 (334.3–477.0) | 405.3 (341.5–478.4) | 402.6 (336.7–481.6) |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 102.2 (90.6–107.8)** | 100.6 (88.2–107.1) | 91.5 (76.9–96.7) | 90.1 (77.1–96.2) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) |
Data presented as median (interquartile range). Baseline age refers to age at randomization. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used with statistical differences for participants with CHD vs non-CHD.
*
P < 0.001;
**
P < 0.01;
***
P < 0.05; otherwise not significant (P ≥ 0.05).
SI conversion factors: to convert total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; lipoprotein(a) to μmol/L, multiply by 0.0357; CRP to nmol/L, multiply by 9.524; fibrinogen to μmol/L, multiply by 0.0294; homocysteine to mg/dL, divide by 7.397; creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4.
See the Supplemental Methods for biomarker measurement.