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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2023 May 20;20(9):e17–e91. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.03.1538

Recommendations for when to cross over to CSP, CRT, or epicardial options

COR LOE Recommendations References
2a C-LD (HBP, LBBAP) 1. In patients with a suboptimal response to CRT with BiV pacing, CSP (with HBP or LBBAP) or surgical epicardial lead implantation can be useful when other approaches have been unsuccessful or not feasible. HBP, LBBAP47,58,100,101,103,110,387
Surgical epicardial lead318,319,388,389
B-NR (surgical epicardial lead)