Extended Data Fig. 7. FOXO1_OE CAR T cells show enhanced antitumour activity in leukaemia xenograft models.

a,b, A curative dose of 2×10⁶ tNGFR⁺ CD19.BBζ CAR T cells overexpressing tNGFR, TCF1_OE, FOXO1_OE, or FOXO1_3A were infused into Nalm6 leukaemia-bearing mice 7 days post-engraftment (n = 2 donors tested in 2 independent experiments) a, Experimental schematic (left) and tumour bioluminescence of multiple time points (right) from 1 representative donor (n = 3-5 mice per group). b, Tumour bioluminescence from day 42-45. Data show mean±s.e.m. from 2 donors tested in 2 independent experiments (n = 3-10 mice per group; n = 1 donor for FOXO1_3A). c–g, A curative dose of 1×10⁶ tNGFR⁺ CD19.28ζ cells were infused into Nalm6-bearing mice 7 days post-engraftment. Mice were rechallenged with 10×10⁶ CD19⁺ or CD19⁻ Nalm6 on day 21 post-CAR T cell infusion (n = 2 donors tested in 2 independent experiments). c, Tumour bioluminescence over time. Data show mean±s.e.m. of n = 3–7 mice per group from 1 representative donor. d, CD19.28ζ and tNGFR expression on circulating CD45⁺ CAR T cells on day 21. Contour plots show 1 representative mouse from each condition from 1 representative donor. e, Quantification of circulating CD45⁺ CAR T cells on days 7, 21, and 28. f, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ CAR T cells on day 7 (data derived from e). g, Percent CD8⁺ CAR T cells. Graphs in e–g show mean±s.e.m. of n = 3–7 mice per group from 1 representative donor. Statistical comparisons were performed using nonparametric two-tailed Mann–Whitney test (b) and two-way (c) and one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test (e,f) and mixed-effects model with Dunnett’s test (g). NS, not significant.

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