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. 2024 Apr 10;629(8010):211–218. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07300-8

Extended Data Fig. 3. FOXO1 overexpression promotes a memory phenotype and mitigates exhaustion in CAR T cells.

Extended Data Fig. 3

a, Schematic depicting engineering of truncated NGFR-only (tNGFR), TCF1/tNGFR- (TCF1OE), and FOXO1/tNGFR- (FOXO1OE) CAR T cells and magnetic isolation of tNGFR+ cells for downstream analyses. be, Phenotypic and functional analyses of CD19.BBζ CAR T cells at baseline and during repeat stimulation with Nalm6 cells. b,c, Flow cytometric analysis of CD62L and IL-7Rα (b) and TCF1 and LEF1 (c) from 1 representative donor (n = 4 donors). d, Cytokine secretion from CD19.BBζ cells after 1 or 4 stimulations with Nalm6 cells. Data show mean ± s.d. of 2–3 triplicate wells from 1 representative donor (n = 2 donors). e, Flow cytometric analysis of CD62L, IL-7Rα, and CD39 on tNGFR+ CD8+ CAR T cells prior to the first stimulation (Stim 0) and 7 days after the third stimulation (Stim 3). Data show mean ± s.e.m. of mean fluorescence intensity normalized to tNGFR levels from n = 2–3 donors. fi, CAR T cell exhaustion model7,23 whereby T cells express a high-affinity GD2-targeting CAR (HA.28ζ) that promotes antigen-independent tonic CAR signalling. f, Model schematic. g, Flow cytometric analysis of day 15 CD62L and IL-7Rα. Data show 1 representative donor (n = 5 donors). h, Cytotoxicity of day 15 HA.28ζ cells against 143B cells at a 1:8 E:T ratio. Data is normalized to t = 0 and show mean±s.d. of 3 triplicate wells from 1 representative donor (n = 3 donors). Statistics were performed at t = 96 h. i,j, Seahorse metabolic analyses on day 13 of culture (n = 2 donors). i, Ratio of OCR to ECAR of HA.28ζ cells. j, CD19.28ζ cell OCR (left), OCR to ECAR ratio (centre), and spare respiratory capacity (right). OCR line graph shows 1 representative donor. Bar graphs show mean ± s.d. of three representative time points within each donor. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (h) or Dunnett’s test (i,j). E:T ratio, effector:target cell ratio. OCR, Oxygen consumption rate. ECAR, extracellular acidification rate.

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