Extended Data Fig. 8. Centromeres evolve with different evolutionary trajectories and mutation rates.

a-d) Phylogenetic trees of α-satellite monomers derived from the human, chimpanzee, orangutan, and macaque chromosome a) 10, b) 12, c) 20, and d) 21 centromeric regions. e-h) Plot showing the mutation rate of the chromosome e) 10, f) 12, g) 20, and h) 21 centromeric regions. Individual data points from 10-kbp pairwise sequence alignments are shown. We note that the regions corresponding to the active α-satellite HORs have only approximate mutation rates based on human–human comparisons, Due to unequal rates of mutation and the emergence of new α-satellite HORs, interspecies comparisons are not possible in these regions.