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. 2024 Apr 3;629(8010):136–145. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07278-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Complete assembly of centromeres from chromosomes 5, 10, 12, 20, 21 and X in human, chimpanzee, orangutan and macaque reveals diverse α-satellite SF organization and evolutionary landscapes. Sequence identity maps generated using StainedGlass⁴⁴ are shown for each centromere (Methods and Supplementary Figs. 75–80), with the size of the α-satellite higher-order (human, chimpanzee and orangutan) or dimeric (macaque) repeat array indicated in Mb. The α-satellite SF for each centromeric array is indicated (vertical bar colour), with arrows illustrating the orientation of the repeats within the array. Chromosome 12 in orangutan has a neocentromere, while the chromosome 21 centromere in macaque is no longer active due to a chromosomal fusion event in that lineage⁴⁵. All chromosomes are labelled according to the human phylogenetic group nomenclature⁴⁶. The human diploid genome used as a control (second column) is HG00733—a 1000 Genomes sample of Puerto Rican origin. Note that the orangutan and macaque centromeres are drawn at half the scale with respect to the other apes.