. 2024 Feb 22;79(5):935–945. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkae045

Table 1.

Pre-specified efficacy categories of therapies evaluated in trials of early symptomatic COVID-19

Clinically efficacious	Not clinically efficacious^a	Uncertain clinical efficacy^b
Remdesivir⁵ Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir³ Molnupiravir 800mg² Ensitrelvir 125mg²⁴ Ensitrelvir 250mg²⁴ Sotrovimab²⁵ Casirivimab/imdevimab 1200 mg and 2400mg⁴ IM Tixagevimab/cilgavimab²⁶ Bamlanivimab 700mg²⁷ Bamlanivimab/etesevimab 2800/2800 mg²⁸ and 700/1400mg¹³ Bebtelovimab 175mg²⁹ Regdanvimab 40 mg/kg³⁰ Amubarvimab/romlusevimab³¹ Pegylated interferon lambda³² Convalescent plasma³³	Hydroxychloroquine³⁴ Ivermectin³⁵ Favipiravir³⁶ Lopinavir/ritonavir³⁷ Nitazoxanide³⁸ Fluvoxamine³⁹	Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine⁴⁰ Artesunate/amodiaquine⁴¹ Pyronaridine/artesunate⁴¹ Sofosbuvir/daclatasivir⁴² Metformin⁴³

^aIncludes combination therapies of ineffective drugs: favipiravir/nitazoxanide, hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin, favipiravir plus lopinavir/ritonavir.

^bInsufficient or conflicting evidence.