Table 3.
Summary of PD Biomarker Discovery from Published Literatures.
| Metabolite biomarkers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | Man-Jeong Paik et. al (2010) | Hemi Luan et. al (2015) | Florence Burte et. al (2017) | Shinji Saiki et al. (2019) | BPGbio (2023) |
| Markers | N1-acetylspermidine, and putrescine spermidine | Acetylphenylalanine and other 45 metabolites | Serum Oxalate and other 19 metabolites | N1,N8 diacetylspermidine and spermine/spermidine ratio | NAP and 3 clinical covariates |
| Assay Method | GC–MS | (LC–MS; GC–MS) | (LC–MS; GC–MS; BDNF ELISA) | (LC–MS/MS) | (LC–MS/MS) |
| Invasiveness | Moderately invasive (CSF) | Low (Urine) | Minimally invasive (serum) | Minimally invasive (plasma & serum) | Minimally invasive (plasma) |
| Population Size | ND:24; PD:9 | ND:65; PD:92 | ND:40; PD:41 | (ND:45; PD:145); (ND 49; PD186) | ND:197; PD:194 |
| ROC Analysis | Insufficient data | AUC 0.65–0.97 | AUC 0.72–0.85 | AUC:0.95 | AUC:0.90 |
| Diagnostic Performance | Insufficient data for SE, SP, PPV, NPV | Insufficient data for SE, SP, PPV, NPV | Insufficient data for SE, SP, PPV, NPV | Insufficient data for SE, SP, PPV, NPV | SE: 52%; SP: 950%; PPV 91%; NPV 66%, |
| CLIA/GLP Validation | NO | NO | NO | NO | YES |
AUC area under curve in ROC analysis, SP sensitivity, SE specificity, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive valve.