Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of patients with HSV infection compared with those without HSV infection in the lesion group.
| Characteristics | All cases (n=42) | HSV+ patients (n=19) | HSV− patients (n=23) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 67.4 (11.8) | 65.2 (9.1) | 69.2 (13.5) | 0.277 a |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.408 b | |||
| Female | 17 (40.5) | 9 (47.4) | 8 (34.8) | |
| Male | 25 (59.5) | 10 (52.6) | 15 (65.2) | |
| Disease activity of oral and skin lesions, n (%) | 0.001 b | |||
| Consistent | 25 (59.5) | 6 (31.6) | 19 (82.6) | |
| Inconsistent | 17 (40.5) | 13 (68.4) | 4 (17.4) | |
| Oral lesions later than skin lesions, n (%) | 30 (71.4) | 13 (68.4) | 17 (73.9) | 0.742 b |
| Perioral or perinasal erosions/blisters, n (%) | 10 (23.8) | 5 (26.3) | 5 (21.7) | >0.99 c |
| Signs and symptoms of oral lesions, n (%) | ||||
| Location | ||||
| Buccal mucosa | 29 (69.0) | 14 (73.7) | 15 (65.2) | 0.555 b |
| Palate/posterior pharynx | 22 (52.4) | 8 (42.1) | 14 (60.9) | 0.226 b |
| Gingiva | 18 (42.9) | 9 (47.4) | 9 (39.1) | 0.591 b |
| Tongue/floor of mouth | 10 (23.8) | 5 (26.3) | 5 (21.7) | >0.99 c |
| Labial mucosa | 14 (33.3) | 6 (31.6) | 8 (34.8) | 0.826 b |
| Lesion type | ||||
| Blister/blood blister | 17 (40.5) | 4 (21.1) | 13 (56.5) | 0.020 b |
| Erythema | 21 (50.0) | 10 (52.6) | 11 (47.8) | 0.757 b |
| Erosion | 34 (81.0) | 16 (84.2) | 18 (78.3) | 0.709 c |
| Shape | ||||
| Suborbicular | 37 (88.1) | 16 (84.2) | 21 (91.3) | 0.644 c |
| Irregular | 12 (28.6) | 7 (36.8) | 5 (21.7) | 0.281 b |
| Cord-like/linear | 3 (7.1) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (8.7) | >0.99 c |
| Yellowish-white pseudomembrane | 28 (66.7) | 15 (78.9) | 13 (56.5) | 0.125 b |
| Pain | 20 (47.6) | 13 (68.4) | 7 (30.4) | 0.014 b |
| mild | 12 (28.6) | 9 (47.4) | 3 (13.0) | 0.014 b |
| moderate | 6 (14.3) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (17.4) | 0.673 c |
| severe | 2 (4.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.199 c |
| Duration of oral lesions, d, median (IQR) | 10.0 (3.0–30.0) | 14.0 (3.0–30.0) | 7.0 (3.0–30.0) | 0.621 d |
| Disease severity, median (IQR) | ||||
| Oral mucosa BPDAI | 5.0 (2.0–8.1) | 5.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (1.0–10.3) | 0.559 d |
| Skin BPDAI | 27.0 (8.9–54.0) | 28.3 (15.6–48.0) | 26.3 (3.6–63.0) | 0.939 d |
| Total BPDAI | 35.0 (10.2–61.0) | 35.0 (19.9–54.0) | 31.8 (5.6–67.3) | 0.870 d |
| Treatment | ||||
| None, n (%) | 11 (26.2) | 2 (10.5) | 9 (39.1) | 0.075 c |
| GC, n (%) | 27 (64.3) | 15 (78.9) | 12 (52.2) | 0.071 b |
| Dosage of GC e , mg/d, median (IQR) | 22.5 (0.0–67.5) | 40.0 (10.0–75.0) | 5.0 (0.0–30.0) | 0.023 d |
| Duration of GC usage, m, median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.0–1.1) | 0.5 (0.1–0.8) | 0.1 (0.0–2.0) | 0.229 d |
| Two-week AGC e , mg, median (IQR) | 175.0 (0.0–551.0) | 285.0 (112.5–1050.0) | 70.0 (0.0–410.0) | 0.018 d |
| Tetracyclines, n (%) | 7 (16.7) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (13.0) | 0.682 c |
| Baricitinib, n (%) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.452 c |
| Dupilumab, n (%) | 5 (11.9) | 4 (21.1) | 1 (4.3) | 0.158 c |
| Immunosuppressants, n (%) | 8 (19.0) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (13.0) | 0.433 c |
| Duration of treatment, m, median (IQR) | 0.5 (0.0–1.6) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 0.2 (0.0–2.0) | 0.261 d |
Bold p-value indicates p < 0.05.
y, years; SD, standard deviation; d, days; IQR, interquartile range; BPDAI, Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index; GC, glucocorticoid; Two-week AGC, the accumulated glucocorticoid dosage in the last 2 weeks; m, months.
a
p-value based on independent’s t-test.
b
p-value based on person χ2 statistic.
c
p-value based on Fisher’s exact test.
d
p-value based on Mann–Whitney U-test.
e
The dosage of glucocorticoid was all converted to prednisone equivalent.