Table 5.

Associations between first-trimester trajectories of density of vascular branching (number of uPVS points per cm³ uPVV) and second and third trimesters of fetal growth and birthweight percentiles.

Morphologic characteristic	Estimated fetal weight second trimester		Estimated fetal weight third trimester		Birth weight percentiles
	N = 198		N = 193		N = 197
	β [95% CI]		β [95% CI]		β [95% CI]
	Crude	Adjusted	Crude	Adjusted	Crude	Adjusted
$\ln$ Density of endpoints ($\mathrm{n}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3)$	−10.053	−12.906	−91.573	−94.972	−20.516	−20.727
	[−35.679; 15.574]	[−39.164; 13.351]	[−178.096; −5.050]*	[−185.245; −3.698]*	[−31.972 −9.060]**	[−32.771; −8.683]**
$\ln$ Density of bifurcation points ($\mathrm{n}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3)$	−8.957	−10.654	−197.255	−192.601	−49.892	−51.097
	[−56.085; 38.172]	[−59.676; 38.368]	[−354.597]*	[−360.532; −24.670]*	[−70.122; −29.663]**	[−72.257; −29.937]**
$\ln$ Density of crossing points ($\mathrm{n}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3)$	28.464	32.211	−175.821	−179.422	−47.356	−48.604
	[−25.889; 82.818]	[−24.756; 89.167]	[−351.500; −0.142]*	[−367.676; 8.832]	[−71.725; −22.988]**	[−74.246; −22.961]**

Depicted are adjusted estimates: adjusted for maternal age, parity, conception mode, BMI, smoking, and folic acid supplement use. Models for estimated fetal weight (EFW) in the second and third trimesters are additionally adjusted for gestational age and fetal sex. Second-trimester EFW was measured at 22 weeks gestational age (GA) and third-trimester EFW was measured at 32 weeks GA. uPVS, utero-placental vascular skeleton; uPVV, utero-placental vascular volume; GA, gestational age. Bold text indicates a statistically significant association. Significance at

^* P ≤ 0.05,

^** P ≤ 0.01.