Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for the five COVID-19 related stressful life events domains and the frequencies of the individual items in these domains.
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 related stressful life events: | |||
|
| |||
| Work/financial events: | - | 1.9 (1.6) | 0–7 |
|
| |||
| Laid off from job or had to close own business | 53 (14.2) | - | - |
| Reduced work hours or furloughed | 91 (24.3) | - | - |
| Had to lay-off or furlough employees or people supervised | 15 (4.0) | - | - |
| Had to continue to work even though in close contact with people who might be infected | 96 (25.7) | - | - |
| Spent a lot of time disinfecting at home due to close contact with people who might be infected at work | 87 (23.3) | - | - |
| Experienced increase in workload or work responsibilities | 125 (33.4) | - | - |
| Had hard time doing job well because of needing to take care of people in the home | 34 (9.1) | - | - |
| Had hard time making the transition to working from home | 65 (17.4) | - | - |
| Unable to go to school or training for weeks or had to withdraw | 30 (8.0) | - | - |
| Had to move or relocate | 16 (4.3) | - | - |
| Became homeless | 2 (0.5) | - | - |
| Unable to get enough food or healthy food | 13 (3.5) | - | - |
| Unable to access clean water | 0 (0.0) | - | - |
| Unable to pay important bills like rent or utilities | 32 (8.6) | - | - |
| Had difficulty getting places due to less access to public transportation or concerns about safety | 38 (10.2) | - | - |
|
| |||
| Home disruption events: | - | 2.1 (2.1) | 0–13 |
|
| |||
| Had child in home who could not go to school | 33 (8.8) | - | - |
| Childcare or babysitting unavailable when needed | 28 (7.5) | - | - |
| Difficulty taking care of children in the home | 25 (6.7) | - | - |
| More conflict with child or harsher in disciplining child or children | 19 (5.1) | - | - |
| Had to take over teaching or instructing a child | 28 (7.5) | - | - |
| Family or friends had to move into your home | 7 (1.9) | - | - |
| Had to spend a lot more time taking care of a family member | 23 (6.1) | - | - |
| Increase in verbal arguments or conflict with a partner or spouse | 61 (16.3) | - | - |
| Increase in physical conflict with a partner or spouse | 7 (1.9) | - | - |
| Increase in verbal arguments or conflict with other adult(s) in home | 27 (7.2) | - | - |
| Increase in physical conflict with other adult(s) in home | 1 (0.3) | - | - |
| Increase in physical conflict among children in home | 2 (0.5) | - | - |
| Increase in mental health problems or symptoms | 230 (61.5) | - | - |
| Increase in sleep problems or poor sleep quality | 145 (38.8) | - | - |
| Increase in use of alcohol or substances | 103 (27.5) | - | - |
| Increase in child behavioral or emotional problems | 32 (8.6) | - | - |
| Increase in child’s sleep difficulties or nightmares | 16 (4.3) | - | - |
|
| |||
| Social isolation events: | - | 4.6 (2.0) | 0–11 |
|
| |||
| Separated from family or close friends | 294 (78.6) | - | - |
| Did not have the ability or resources to talk to family or friends while separated | 16 (4.3) | - | - |
| Unable to visit loved one in a care facility (e.g., nursing home, group home) | 55 (14.7) | - | - |
| Family celebrations cancelled or restricted | 287 (76.7) | - | - |
| Planned travel or vacations cancelled | 246 (65.8) | - | - |
| Religious or spiritual activities cancelled or restricted | 84 (22.5) | - | - |
| Unable to be with a close family member in critical condition | 39 (10.4) | - | - |
| Unable to attend in-person funeral or religious services for a family member or friend who died | 34 (9.1) | - | - |
| Unable to participate in social clubs, sports teams, or usual volunteer activities | 164 (43.9) | - | - |
| Unable to do enjoyable activities or hobbies | 274 (73.3) | - | - |
| Limited physical closeness with child or loved one due to concerns of infection | 91 (24.3) | - | - |
| Moved out or lived away from family due to a high-risk job (e.g., health care worker, first responder) | 6 (1.6) | - | - |
| Close family member not in the home was quarantined | 33 (8.8) | - | - |
| Family member was unable to return home due to quarantine or travel restrictions | 13 (3.5) | - | - |
| Entire household was quarantined for a week or longer | 71 (19.0) | - | - |
|
| |||
| COVID-19 infection events: | - | 0.5 (0.8) | 0–4 |
|
| |||
| Isolated or quarantined due to possible exposure to this disease | 112 (29.9) | - | - |
| Isolated or quarantined due to symptoms of this disease | 24 (6.4) | - | - |
| Isolated due to existing health conditions that increase risk of infection or disease | 24 (6.4) | - | - |
| Currently have symptoms of this disease but have not been tested | 1 (0.3) | - | - |
| Tested and currently have this disease | 0 (0.0) | - | - |
| Had symptoms of this disease but never tested | 25 (6.7) | - | - |
| Tested positive for this disease but no longer have it | 4 (1.1) | - | - |
| Got medical treatment due to severe symptoms of this disease | 3 (0.8) | - | - |
| Hospital stay due to this disease | 0 (0.0) | - | - |
| Someone died of this disease while in our home | 0 (0.0) | - | - |
| Death of close friend or family member from this disease | 10 (2.7) | - | - |
|
| |||
| Healthcare barrier events: | - | 0.5 (0.8) | 0–5 |
|
| |||
| Unable to get needed medications (e.g., prescriptions or over-the-counter) | 8 (2.1) | - | - |
| Unable to access mental health treatment or therapy | 31 (8.3) | - | - |
| Not satisfied with changes in mental health treatment or therapy | 27 (7.2) | - | - |
| Important medical procedures cancelled (e.g., surgery) | 10 (2.7) | - | - |
| Unable to access medical care for a serious condition (e.g., dialysis, chemotherapy) | 1 (0.3) | - | - |
| Got less medical care than usual (e.g., routine or preventive care appointments) | 84 (22.5) | - | - |
| Elderly or disabled family member not in the home unable to get the help they need | 13 (3.5) | - | - |