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. 2024 May 2;24:518. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04252-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Detection of F. nucleatum on the proliferation of noncancerous cells. (A) Detection of CDH1 expression in four cell lines revealed differential expression in tumor cell lines, human oral keratinocytes (HOK), 293T cells, and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). (B) After F. nucleatum was cocultured with 293T, HGF and HOK cells, the CCK-8 assay showed no obvious promotion of proliferation. (C) There was no difference in the plate clone formation observation after culturing F. nucleatum with HOK cells present. (D) In 293T cells overexpressing CDH1, phosphorylated CDH1 was detected, but downstream signaling was not activated. (E) No difference in oncogene expression was detected using qPCR in 293T cells overexpressing CDH1 and stimulated with (F) nucleatum