Table 3.
Attributes of the participants according to tertiles of the MY-MINDD score (n = 810)
| Characteristics | All (n = 810) | MY-MINDD score (range 0–11) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (n = 189) | Tertile 2 (n = 186) | Tertile 3 (n = 263) | Tertile 4 (n = 172) | |||
| MY-MINDD score1, mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 0.6 | |
| Gender2, n (%) | 0.670 | |||||
| Male | 390 (48.1) | 98 (51.9) | 90 (48.4) | 122 (46.4) | 80 (46.5) | |
| Female | 420 (51.9) | 91 (48.1) | 96 (51.6) | 141 (53.6) | 92 (53.5) | |
| Age1, mean ± SD | 67.9 ± 4.7 | 69.7 ± 4.5 | 68.4 ± 5.0 | 67.6 ± 4.8 | 65.9 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity2, n (%) | 0.111 | |||||
| Malay | 532 (65.7) | 129 (68.3) | 133 (71.5) | 165 (62.7) | 105 (61.0) | |
| Non-Malay | 278 (34.3) | 60 (31.7) | 53 (28.5) | 98 (37.3) | 67 (38.9) | |
| Marital status2, n (%) | 0.194 | |||||
| Single | 18 (2.2) | 6 (3.2) | 2 (1.1) | 4 (1.5) | 6 (3.5) | |
| Married | 599 (74.0) | 140 (74.1) | 130 (69.9) | 194 (73.8) | 135 (78.5) | |
| Divorce | 10 (1.2) | 2 (1.1) | 5 (2.7) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Widow/Widower | 183 (22.6) | 41 (21.7) | 49 (26.3) | 63 (24.0) | 30 (17.4) | |
| Education level2, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Primary | 343 (42.3) | 99 (52.4) | 78 (41.9) | 112 (42.6) | 54 (31.4) | |
| Secondary | 319 (39.4) | 55 (29.0) | 86 (46.2) | 121 (46.0) | 87 (50.6) | |
| Tertiary | 67 (8.3) | 3 (1.6) | 7 (3.8) | 12 (4.6) | 15 (8.7) | |
| None | 81 (10.0) | 32 (16.9) | 15 (8.1) | 18 (6.8) | 16 (9.3) | |
| Education years1, mean (SD) | 7.7 ± 4.2 | 7.5 ± 4.0 | 7.7 ± 4.2 | 7.5 ± 4.1 | 7.9 ± 4.4 | 0.386 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)1, mean ± SD | 25.6 ± 4.2 | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 25.4 ± 4.5 | 25.4 ± 3.8 | 25.3 ± 3.6 | 0.026 |
| Body mass index2 (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.005 | |||||
| < 18.5 | 22 (2.7) | 4 (2.1) | 8 (4.3) | 7 (2.7) | 3 (1.7) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 350 (43.2) | 80 (42.3) | 81 (43.5) | 111 (42.2) | 78 (45.3) | |
| 25–29.9 | 336 (41.5) | 65 (34.4) | 78 (41.9) | 113 (43.0) | 80 (46.5) | |
| ≥ 30 | 102 (12.6) | 40 (21.2) | 19 (10.2) | 32 (12.2) | 11 (6.4) | |
| Hypertension2,3, n (%) | 0.965 | |||||
| Yes | 302 (37.3) | 70 (37.0) | 67 (36.0) | 101 (38.4) | 64 (37.2) | |
| No | 508 (62.7) | 119 (63.0) | 119 (64.0) | 162 (61.6) | 108 (62.8) | |
| Diabetes2,3, n (%) | 0.459 | |||||
| Yes | 163 (20.1) | 42 (22.2) | 30 (16.1) | 56 (21.3) | 35 (20.3) | |
| No | 647 (79.9) | 147 (77.8) | 156 (83.9) | 207 (78.7) | 137 (79.7) | |
| Hyperlipidemia2,3, n (%) | 0.709 | |||||
| Yes | 256 (31.6) | 64 (33.9) | 62 (33.3) | 80 (30.4) | 50 (29.1) | |
| No | 554 (68.4) | 125 (66.1) | 124 (66.7) | 183 (69.6) | 122 (70.9) | |
| Smoking2,3, n (%) | 0.565 | |||||
| Yes | 213 (26.3) | 48 (25.4) | 56 (30.1) | 68 (25.9) | 41 (23.8) | |
| No | 597 (73.7) | 141 (74.6) | 130 (69.9) | 195 (74.1) | 131 (76.2) | |
| Social activity2,3, n (%) | 0.008 | |||||
| No/seldom active | 65 (8.0) | 21 (11.1) | 5 (2.7) | 20 (7.6) | 19 (11.0) | |
| Active | 745 (92.0) | 168 (88.9) | 181 (97.3) | 243 (92.4) | 53 (89.0) | |
| Exercise2,3, n (%) | 0.034 | |||||
| No | 389 (48.0) | 100 (52.9) | 89 (47.8) | 123 (46.8) | 77 (44.8) | |
| Seldom | 121 (14.9) | 33 (17.5) | 23 (12.4) | 33 (12.5) | 32 (18.6) | |
| Sometimes | 49 (6.0) | 15 (7.9) | 7 (3.8) | 16 (6.1) | 11 (6.4) | |
| Frequent | 97 (12.0) | 12 (6.3) | 23 (12.4) | 44 (16.7) | 18 (10.5) | |
| Very frequent | 154 (19.0) | 29 (15.3) | 44 (23.7) | 47 (17.9) | 34 (19.8) | |
| Depressive symptoms2, n (%) a | 0.375 | |||||
| No depressive symptoms | 747 (92.2) | 175 (92.6) | 168 (90.3) | 248 (94.3) | 156 (90.7) | |
| Depressive symptoms | 63 (7.8) | 14 (7.4) | 18 (9.7) | 15 (5.7) | 16 (9.3) | |
| Functional status1, mean ± SD | 13.0 ± 1.5 | 13.2 ± 1.3 | 12.9 ± 1.7 | 13.1 ± 1.4 | 12.8 ± 1.8 | 0.693 |
Abbreviations MY-MINDD, Malaysian version of the MIND; 1One-way ANOVA test; 2Crosstab chi-square test was used to compare distributions across the tertiles of diet score; 3self-reported