Fig. 3.

Summary of primary and secondary endpoints with significant results, reported for effectiveness, safety, efficacy and workload with closed loop ventilation. See text for details.

Clockwise the icons represent the following modes: PAV+, proportional assist ventilation; ASV, adaptive support ventilation; NAVA, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist; SmartCare; Avea–CLiO₂; INTELLiVENT–ASV, INTELLiVENT adaptive support ventilation. Abbreviations: DP, driving pressure; (S)AE, (serious) adverse event; ABG, arterial blood gas analysis; MP, mechanical power; SpO₂, peripheral oxygen saturation; VFD, ventilator-free days; V_T, tidal volume.