TABLE 4.
Subgroup analyses of all-cause death and cardiovascular death by <130 mmHg vs. SBP ≥130 mmHg
| Total population | HFrEF | HFmrEF | HFpEF | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P for interation | HR (95% CI) | P for interation | HR (95% CI) | P for interation | HR (95% CI) | P for interation | |
| All-cause death | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| <65 | 1.33 (0.64–2.74) | 0.960 | 2.90 (0.64–13.17) | 0.964 | 3.13 (0.74–13.19) | 0.502 | 1.20 (0.35–4.16) | 0.357 |
| ≥65 | 1.23 (0.82–1.84) | 3.03 (1.28–7.16) | 1.34 (0.62–2.91) | 0.87 (0.45–1.68) | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1.36 (0.84–2.21) | 0.211 | 2.71 (0.99–7.39) | 0.505 | 0.85 (0.33–2.19) | 0.900 | 0.97 (0.42–2.28) | 0.459 |
| Female | 1.23 (0.74–2.07) | 2.43 (0.69–8.52) | 2.27 (0.87–5.93) | 1.05 (0.49–2.27) | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 1.33 (0.83–2.12) | 0.530 | 3.09 (1.31–7.28) | 0.039 | 1.09 (0.36–3.35) | 0.615 | 1.00 (0.46–2.14) | 0.372 |
| Yes | 1.24 (0.73–2.08) | 2.98 (0.42–21.33) | 2.14 (0.93–4.89) | 0.96 (0.42–2.22) | ||||
| eGFR | ||||||||
| <45 | 0.87 (0.53–1.41) | 0.002 | 1.00 (0.26–3.80) | 0.007 | 1.69 (0.66–4.36) | 0.313 | 0.93 (0.39–2.20) | 0.052 |
| ≥45 | 2.03 (1.21–3.41) | 6.19 (2.10–18.26) | 2.24 (0.80–6.22) | 1.02 (0.48–2.17) | ||||
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI | ||||||||
| No | 0.95 (0.54–1.69) | 0.271 | 0.52 (0.12–2.25) | 0.148 | 1.85 (0.53–6.41) | 0.596 | 0.92 (0.38–2.22) | 0.511 |
| Yes | 1.66 (1.06–2.61) | 3.72 (1.57–8.82) | 1.19 (0.49–2.90) | 1.01 (0.50–2.04) | ||||
| β-Blockers | ||||||||
| No | 1.50 (0.90–2.50) | 0.314 | 2.93 (0.82–10.49) | 0.865 | 3.44 (1.09–10.86) | 0.205 | 1.03 (0.45–2.37) | 0.888 |
| Yes | 1.22 (0.75–1.98) | 2.34 (0.93–5.90) | 0.68 (0.28–1.67) | 0.94 (0.45–1.98) | ||||
| Calcium channel blockers | ||||||||
| No | 1.38 (0.92–2.06) | 0.852 | 2.70 (1.23–5.92) | 0.678 | 2.17 (0.97–4.83) | 0.678 | 0.85 (0.43–1.65) | 0.957 |
| Yes | 1.25 (0.57–2.73) | 673.63 (2.46–184202.80) | 0.80 (0.16–4.01) | 1.75 (0.63–4.84) | ||||
| Diuretics | ||||||||
| No | 1.32 (0.84–2.06) | 0.825 | 1.55 (0.65–3.66) | 0.030 | 2.97 (1.15–7.68) | 0.012 | 1.00 (0.53–1.90) | 0.874 |
| Yes | 1.34 (0.75–2.40) | 8.54 (1.64–44.59) | 0.67 (0.22–2.06) | 1.03 (0.34–3.08) | ||||
| Cardiovascular death | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| <65 | 1.64 (0.78–3.49) | 0.576 | 1.87 (0.56–6.23) | 0.964 | 1.50 (0.28–8.07) | 0.521 | 2.03 (0.46–8.91) | 0.028 |
| ≥65 | 1.28 (0.80–2.03) | 2.02 (0.92–4.43) | 1.17 (0.48–2.85) | 0.58 (0.19–1.71) | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1.21 (0.75–1.96) | 0.272 | 1.98 (0.88–4.47) | 0.752 | 0.71 (0.25–2.01) | 0.785 | 1.47 (0.54–4.01) | 0.046 |
| Female | 1.23 (0.64–2.35) | 4.13 (1.00–17.09) | 1.61 (0.50–5.20) | 0.66 (0.14–3.02) | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 1.22 (0.73–2.04) | 0.813 | 2.43 (1.09–5.41) | 0.398 | 0.48 (0.13–1.76) | 0.268 | 1.14 (0.40–3.25) | 0.893 |
| Yes | 1.43 (0.80–2.57) | 2.79 (0.51–15.28) | 2.29 (0.92–5.72) | 0.93 (0.29–3.00) | ||||
| eGFR | ||||||||
| <45 | 0.74 (0.41–1.32) | 0.003 | 0.56 (0.17–1.90) | 0.002 | 1.26 (0.46–3.47) | 0.728 | 0.76 (0.17–3.47) | 0.054 |
| ≥45 | 2.43 (1.39–4.26) | 6.88 (2.15–21.98) | 1.62 (0.52–5.00) | 1.47 (0.55–3.94) | ||||
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI | ||||||||
| No | 1.15 (0.59–2.25) | 0.568 | 0.68 (0.16–2.92) | 0.110 | 3.36 (0.89–12.71) | 0.093 | 0.84 (0.22–3.20) | 0.318 |
| Yes | 1.38 (0.86–2.23) | 3.25 (1.45–7.29) | 0.71 (0.27–1.89) | 1.16 (0.44–3.04) | ||||
| β-Blockers | ||||||||
| No | 1.74 (0.99–3.05) | 0.163 | 2.55 (0.97–6.67) | 0.469 | 5.08 (1.41–18.27) | 0.072 | 1.28 (0.38–4.23) | 0.824 |
| Yes | 0.97 (0.57–1.66) | 1.58 (0.63–3.95) | 0.47 (0.16–1.33) | 0.87 (0.30–2.49) | ||||
| Calcium channel blockers | ||||||||
| No | 1.24 (0.80–1.90) | 0.931 | 1.73 (0.89–3.35) | 0.796 | 1.26 (0.50–3.20) | 0.107 | 1.06 (0.40–2.80) | 0.726 |
| Yes | 1.30 (0.55–3.09) | 306.13 (0–2.0128E126) | 1.98 (0.48–8.17) | 1.07 (0.28–4.09) | ||||
| Diuretics | ||||||||
| No | 1.22 (0.75–1.98) | 0.995 | 1.11 (0.50–2.49) | 0.023 | 3.18 (0.99–10.20) | 0.025 | 1.09 (0.45–2.63) | 0.967 |
| Yes | 1.29 (0.68–2.44) | 9.55 (2.31–39.52) | 0.59 (0.18–1.90) | 0.88 (0.17–4.62) | ||||
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure.