Table 4. Associations of CRP levels with affect, depressive and anxiety disorders, and cognitive task performance in the Lifelines cohort.
Baseline | Follow-up | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | MDD | Any DEP | GAD | Any ANX | Negative Affect | Positive Affect | RFFT | MDD | Any DEP | GAD | Any ANX | Psycho motor Speed | Attention | Episodic Memory | Working Memory |
Odd’s Ratio | Standardized regression coefficient | Odd’s Ratio | Standardized regression coefficient | ||||||||||||
Model 1 (Unadjusted analysis) | |||||||||||||||
CRPa | 1.59 | 1.57 | 1.24 | 1.29 | .03 | −.05 | −.07 | 1.43 | 1.42 | 1.26 | 1.22 | .03 | .03 | −.03 | −.03 |
Model 2 (Adjusted for age, sex, education, health status, and BMI) | |||||||||||||||
CRPa | 1.02† | 1.22 | 1.01† | 1.06† | .01 | −.04 | −.03 | 1.06† | 1.07† | 1.05† | 1.03† | .01 | .01 | 0† | −.01† |
Age | .98 | .98 | .98 | .99 | −.06 | 0† | −.24 | .97 | .97 | .97 | .98 | .38 | .38 | −.14 | −.17 |
Female | 1.53 | 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.66 | .17 | 0† | .04 | 1.28 | 1.33 | 1.58 | 1.6 | .01† | .01† | 0† | −.01 |
Education: High | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Education: Moderate | 1.62 | 1.76 | 1.3 | 1.28 | .04 | −.04 | −.19 | 1.39 | 1.31 | 1.1† | 1.12 | .07 | .07 | −.13 | −.08 |
Education: Low | 2.94 | 3.02 | 1.64 | 1.72 | .11 | −.11 | −.35 | 2.16 | 1.84 | 1.26 | 1.3 | .16 | .16 | −.22 | −.18 |
Health Status: O Dx | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Health Status: 1 Dx | 1.83 | 1.64 | 1.55 | 1.43 | .04 | −.01 | −.02 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.36 | 1.29 | 0† | 0† | 0† | −.01† |
Health Status: 2 Dx | 2.97 | 2.63 | 2.26 | 1.82 | .04 | 0† | −.02 | 2.5 | 2.34 | 1.67 | 1.47 | 0† | 0† | −.01 | −.02 |
Health Status: 3+ Dx | 4.24 | 3.76 | 2.82 | 2.65 | .02 | −.01 | −.01 | 3.71 | 3.28 | 2 | 1.67 | 0† | 0† | −.01 | 0† |
BMI | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0† | 0† | 0† | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0† | 0† | −.03 | −.01† |
CRP = C-reactive Protein; MDD = Major Depressive Disorder; Any DEP = MDD or Dysthymia; GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Any ANX = panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, or GAD; RFFT = Ruff Figural Fluency Test;
= log-transformed variable; BMI = Body Mass Index; Ref = Reference Category for categorical variables;
= p >.05; Odds ratios are reported in logistic regression predicting binary outcomes and standardized beta coefficients are reported for linear regression; For values ≤ .001 and ≥−.001, values were rounded to 0.