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. 2024 May 2;20(5):e1012143. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012143

Fig 3. Bacterial EVs contribute to antimicrobial therapy.

Fig 3

(1) Bacterial EVs may possess natural antibacterial activity to directly kill pathogens. (2) Bacterial EVs can be loaded with antibiotics, enhancing the targeting, affinity and stability of antibiotics. (3) Bacterial EVs can mimic the bacterial outer membrane and be used to assess the permeability of antibiotics. EVs, extracellular vesicles. The figure was designed using Biorender.