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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Rheumatol. 2024 May 1;51(5):488–494. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0721

Table 1.

Participant characteristics.

Overall
n = 42
Demographics
Age, years (mean, SD) 45 (14.5)
Disease duration, years (mean, SD) 14.5 (9.5)
Female 39 (93%)
Race/ethnicity
   Non-Hispanic Black 22 (52%)
   Non-Hispanic White 15 (36%)
   Hispanic 2 (5%)
   Asian 2 (5%)
   Mixed race 1 (2%)
College education 22 (52%)
Medicare/Medicaid/No insurance 20 (48%)
Married or living with partner 21 (50%)
Number of individuals can count on for help or support 3.5 (1.9%)
Serologies
ANA positive 40 (95%)a,b
Anti-dsDNA antibody OR Anti-Smith antibody positive 28 (67%)
Low C3 and/or low C4 24 (57%)
SLE Diagnostic Criteria
1997 ACR Criteria Metc 40 (95%)
SLICC Criteria Metc 40 (95%)
Historical SLE Manifestations
Arthritis/Joint involvement 34 (81%)
Mucocutaneous 39 (93%)
Renal 15 (36%)
Serosal 8 (19%)
Hematologic 24 (57%)
Patient-Reported Historical Medication Use
Hydroxychloroquine 41 (98%)
Oral prednisone 39 (93%)
Azathioprine 20 (48%)
Methotrexate 20 (48%)
Mycophenolate mofetil 19 (45%)
Mycophenolic acid 7 (17%)
Cyclophosphamide 7 (17%)
Belimumab 6 (14%)
Rituximab 5 (12%)
a

one participant is ANA negative but dsDNA positive

b

one participant ANA 1:40

c

n=2 participants met 1997 ACR criteria but not SLICC criteria and n=2 participants met SLICC criteria but not 1997 ACR criteria(28-29)