Table 5.

Effect of aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves (SLAE) addition on performance traits of dual-purpose laying hens

Parameters	Aqueous extract concentrations1) (mL/kg)				SEM	p-value2)
	Control	SLAE2.5	SLAE5	SLAE 7.5		T	L	Q	Normality
BW (g)
Initial BW	1,316.0	1,303.4	1,319.4	1,334.7	10.25	0.111	0.0683	0.122	0.256
Final BW	1,578.0c	1,613.0bc	1,618.0b	1,681.5a	13.55	0.000	<0.001	0.294	0.864
BW gain	262.0c	309.6ab	298.6b	342.8a	12.88	0.0003	<0.001	0.895	0.164
Feed intake (g/hen/d)
25 to 28 wk	118.3ab	114.5b	118.6ab	120.9a	1.55	0.062	0.101	0.064	0.094
29 to 32 wk	119.5a	115.9b	116.0b	115.2b	0.17	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.478
33 to 36 wk	118.7a	113.3c	114.5bc	116.0b	0.50	<0.001	0.008	<0.001	0.228
25 to 36 (overall wk)	118.8a	114.6c	116.4bc	117.4ab	0.69	0.004	0.443	0.002	0.275
Feed conversion ratio (g feed/g egg)
25 to 28 wk	10.89b	13.03a	10.53b	11.82b	0.47	0.008	0.444	0.130	0.002
29 to 32 wk	7.31a	6.29b	6.10c	4.92d	0.04	<0.001	<0.001	0.051	<0.001
33 to 36 wk	7.23a	6.26b	5.92c	5.43d	0.07	<0.001	<0.001	0.006	0.039
25 to 36 (overall wk)	8.48a	6.52b	7.34c	7.11d	0.03	<0.001	<0.001	0.540	0.598

SLAE, Ziziphus spina-christi leaves; SEM, standard error of means; BW, body weight.

¹⁾SLAE2.5, diet including SLAE at 2.5 mL/kg; SLAE5, diet including SLAE at 5 mL/kg; SLAE 7.5, diet including SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg.

²⁾T, treatment; L, linear response; Q, quadratic response.

^a–dMeans within a row with various letters are significantly different (p<0.05).