. 2024 Jan 14;37(5):896–907. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0243

Table 6.

Effect of aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves addition on the laying performance and egg quality of dual-purpose laying hens during the experimental period

Parameters	Aqueous extract concentrations¹⁾ (mL/kg diet)				SEM	p-value²⁾

	Control	SLAE2.5	SLAE5	SLAE7.5		T	L	Q	Normality
Egg weight (g)
25 to 28 wk	39.35^c	43.05^a	39.93^cb	41.05^b	0.51	<0.001	0.401	0.024	0.267
29 to 32 wk	45.48^b	46.50^ab	45.86^ab	46.88^a	0.33	0.043	0.032	0.993	0.227
33 to 36 wk	47.70^ab	46.23^c	47.00^bc	48.76^a	0.44	0.007	0.065	0.002	0.102
25 to 36 (overall wk)	44.18^b	45.26^a	44.26^b	45.56^a	0.24	0.001	0.010	0.661	0.745
Egg number (n/hen)
25 to 28 wk	10.94^a	8.92^b	11.28^a	10.88^a	0.46	0.009	0.306	0.098	0.341
29 to 32 wk	16.42^d	18.14^c	19.34^b	21.34^a	0.28	<0.001	<0.001	0.629	0.224
33 to 36 wk	16.34^d	18.40^c	19.00^b	23.40^a	0.11	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.422
25 to 36 (overall wk)	14.70^c	15.15^c	16.62^b	18.62^a	0.66	<0.001	<0.001	0.006	0.557
Egg mass (g/hen/d)
25 to 28 wk	43.08^a	38.43^b	45.13^a	44.73^a	14.73	0.019	0.101	0.162	0.075
29 to 32 wk	74.34^d	84.25^c	88.95^b	100.23^a	14.05	<0.001	<0.001	0.545	0.436
33 to 36 wk	77.39^d	85.78^c	89.97^b	114.20^a	10.09	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.106
25 to 36 (overall wk)	64.93^d	69.47^c	74.68^b	86.34^a	30.00	<0.001	<0.001	0.003	0.371
Egg quality
Albumen diameter (mm)	62.03^b	61.76^b	57.80^c	69.63^a	1.19	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.650
Albumen height (mm)	7.36^c	7.43^c	8.26^b	9.53^a	0.16	<0.001	<0.001	0.172	0.117
Albumen index (%)	11.96^b	12.13^b	14.53^a	13.74^a	0.35	0.003	0.017	0.006	0.715
Yolk diameter (mm)	36.43^ab	35.40^b	36.36^b	37.50^a	0.38	<0.001	<0.001	0.175	0.285
Yolk height (mm)	16.83^c	17.33^b	17.96^a	18.00^a	0.17	<0.001	<0.001	0.118	0.913
Yolk weight (g)	13.83^b	13.80^b	14.41^b	15.04^a	0.20	<0.001	<0.001	0.776	0.205
Yolk color	6.76^b	8.00^a	7.03^b	8.36^a	0.17	0.009	0.084	0.003	0.418
Yolk index (%)	46.41^b	49.11^a	49.59^a	48.06^ab	0.69	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.117
Haugh unit (score)	89.73^c	89.68^c	94.10^b	99.21^a	0.78	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.861

SLAE, Ziziphus spina-christi leaves; SEM, standard error of means.

¹⁾

SLAE2.5, diet including SLAE at 2.5 mL/kg; SLAE5, diet including SLAE at 5 mL/kg; SLAE 7.5, diet including SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg.

²⁾

T, treatment; L, linear response; Q, quadratic response.

^a–d

Means within a row with various letters are significantly different (p<0.05).