Table 7.

Effect of aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves addition on blood biochemistry markers of heat-stressed dual-purpose laying hens

Parameters	Aqueous extract concentrations1) (mL/kg)				SEM	p-value2)
	Con	SLAE2.5	SLAE5	SLAE7.5		T	L	Q	Normality
TP (g/dL)	7.18d	7.52b	7.61a	7.27c	0.02	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.178
AL (g/dL)	2.43d	2.55b	2.64a	2.49c	0.01	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.238
GL (g/dL)	4.74b	4.97a	4.97a	4.77b	0.02	<0.001	0.463	<0.001	0.841
T chole (mg/dL)	115.00a	111.14b	98.71c	95.85c	1.31	<0.001	<0.001	0.707	0.557
TL (mg/dL)	452.57a	448.85a	414.85b	405.71c	1.78	<0.001	<0.001	0.142	0.394
TG (mg/dL)	225.00a	214.42b	199.00c	192.42d	1.44	<0.01	<0.001	0.179	0.109
LDL (mg/dL)	38.85a	32.71b	29.85bc	28.28c	1.10	<0.001	<0.001	0.049	0.114
HDL (mg/dL)	35.85b	43.28a	43.42a	46.00a	0.90	<0.001	<0.01	0.013	0.664
AST (U/mL)	30.71a	27.28b	27.28b	24.28c	0.88	<0.001	<0.001	0.811	0.572
ALT (U/mL)	21.57a	19.00a	14.85b	13.85b	0.91	<0.001	<0.001	0.397	0.39
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.86a	0.74b	0.75b	0.75b	0.01	<0.001	<0.01	<0.001	0.337
Urea (mg/dL)	12.00a	10.14ab	10.71ab	9.00b	0.72	0.052	0.016	0.922	0.099

SLAE, Ziziphus spina-christi leaves; SEM, standard error of means; TP, total protein; AL, albumin; GL, globulin; T chole, total cholesterol; TL, total lipids; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate; ALT, alanine amino trans-aminases.

¹⁾SLAE2.5: diet including SLAE at 2.5 mL/kg; SLAE5: diet including SLAE at 5 mL/kg; SLAE 7.5: diet including SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg.

²⁾T, treatment; L, linear response; Q, quadratic response.

^a–cMeans within a row with various letters are significantly different (p<0.05).