Table 8.

Effect of aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves addition on redox status of heat-stressed dual-purpose laying hens

Parameters	Aqueous extract concentrations1) (mg/kg)				SEM	p-value2)
	Con	SLAE2.5	SLAE5	SLAE7.5		T	L	Q	Normality
TAC (mM/L)	0.092c	0.21b	0.29a	0.23b	0.01	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.363
SOD (U/mL)	0.14a	0.16a	0.16a	0.16a	0.01	0.683	0.356	0.445	0.112
GSH (μM/L)	0.15c	0.19b	0.19ab	0.22a	0.01	0.007	0.001	0.650	0.079
CAT (U/mg)	0.10b	0.17a	0.16a	0.18a	0.01	<0.001	0.002	0.026	0.178
MDA (nmol/mL)	0.41a	0.35b	0.35b	0.32b	0.01	<0.001	<0.001	0.211	0.405

SLAE, Ziziphus spina-christi leaves; SEM, standard error of means; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH, glutathione; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde.

¹⁾SLAE2.5, diet including SLAE at 2.5 mL/kg; SLAE5, diet including SLAE at 5 mL/kg; SLAE 7.5, diet including SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg.

²⁾T, treatment; L, linear response; Q, quadratic response.

^a–cMeans within a row with various letters are significantly different (p<0.05).