Table 1.
A summary of all original articles on LPR a chronic cough that were published in the past 12 years (2010–2023).
| Study | Design | LPR diagnostic modality | Subject | Result/conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kahrilas and Howden (6) | Expert panel report, systematic review | – | Effect the reflux therapy in chronic cough symptoms | Diet modification and weight loss had better cough outcomes |
| Wu et al. (7) | Systematic review | 24-h pH impedance | Explain the mechanism of cough development in reflux. | GER is associated with increased sensitivity of the cough reflex and the development of neurogenic airway inflammation |
| Jiang et al. (8) | Retrospective study | 24-h pH detection system | Study the value of airway pH monitoring in determining the association between chronic cough and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in children | LPR is highly associated with the development of chronic cough |
| Xu et al. (9) | Prospective study | 24-h pH impedance | Explore association between nonacid reflux and chronic cough | Nonacid reflux is often presented with a chronic dry cough |
| Kikuchi et al. (10) | Case report | 24-h pH monitoring | Case presentation | Chronic cough was caused by LPR in combination with silent aspiration and epiglottic inversion dysfunction |
| Decalmer et al. (11) | Prospective study | 24-h pH impedance | Investigate the relationship between microaspiration, the degree and type of gastroesophageal reflux, and the frequency of coughing | Proximal gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration into the airways have limited roles in provoking chronic cough |
| Smith and Houghton (12) | Review | 24-h pH monitoring | Investigate the mechanisms thought to link LPR and cough | There is higher acid exposure in the proximal and distal esophagus of chronic cough patients compared with those without cough |
| Li et al. (13) | Prospective study | 24-h pH impedance | Determine the mechanism of reflux-induced cough by synchronous monitoring of reflux episodes, esophageal motility, and cough | Proximal acidic reflux and distal reflux-reflex are jointly associated with reflux-induced cough |
| Vardar et al. (14) | Retrospective study | high-resolution manometry (HRM) and 24-h pH monitoring | Evaluation of pharyngeal and esophageal motility in chronic cough patients | HRM revealed changes to UES and esophageal motility in patients with chronic cough that are associated with impaired bolus clearance |
| Yu et al. (15) | Prospective study | 24-h impedance and pH monitoring, Reflux symptom index (RSI) | Investigate the reflux characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux-related chronic cough complicated by laryngopharyngeal reflux | In patients with higher RSI scores was presented more proximal reflux, non-acid reflux, and gas reflux, and get better efficacy with neuromodulators |
| Lee et al. (16) | Prospective study | 24-h pH impedance | Evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of multichannel intraluminal impedance combined with pH monitoring | Reflux episodes at the distal and proximal esophagus were noted to be important factors associated with chronic cough |
| Ummarino et al. (17) | Diagnostic study | oropharyngeal pH-metry and 24-h pH impedance | Comparison of pH impedance monitoring and oropharyngeal (OP) pH monitoring results in patients with chronic cough | OP pH metry detected less reflux episodes than pH impedance, time correlation between cough and reflux could not be demonstrated with OP pH metry |
| Spyridoulias et al. (18) | Prospective study | Reflux symptom index (RSI), Reflux finding score (RFS), salivary pepsin, 24-h pH impedance | Comparison of symptoms, laryngeal signs and salivary pepsin as potential diagnostic methods for identifying LPR in patients with chronic cough | Salivary pepsin may be used as a screening adjunct to supplement the RFS in patients with extra-oesophageal symptoms |
| Heather et al. (19) | Retrospective study | 24-h pH impedance | Investigate the relationship between chronic cough and LPR | LPR may be a prevalent contributing or etiologic factor for chronic cough. The improvement after initiating reflux treatment is 60% at 3 months |
| Dowgiałło-Gornowicz et al. (20) | Prospective study | 24-h pH monitoring, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and otorhinolaryngological examination | Describe the results of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for the relief of GERD-related cough | Complete resolution of chronic cough after surgery |
| Chen et al. (21) | Retrospective study | 24-h pH impedance | Investigate the predictive effect of positive reflux-cough correlation on the resolution of reflux-related chronic cough after anti-reflux surgery. | Laparoscopic fundoplication is effective for the management of reflux-related chronic cough |
| Park et al. (22) | Clinical randomized trail | Diagnostic-terapeutic test (proton pump inhibitors) | Investigation of the effectiveness and appropriate dose of PPI therapy in chronic cough | The study support the empirical use of the standard dose of PPI for 8 weeks in patients suffering from unexplained chronic cough regardless of whether reflux is present |
| Kopka et al. (23) | Case report | Oropharyngeal pH-metry | Case presentation | Chronic cough was caused by LPR |