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. 2024 Apr 23;10(9):e30140. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30140

Table 8.

Energy poverty heterogeneity assessment.

Factors Static assessment (OLS)
Dynamic assessment (SYS-GMM)
AES AEE CEC CEM AES AEE CEC CEM
L.EP 2.065*** 0.865*** 0.938*** 0.868***
(0.084) (0.096) (0.048) (0.038)
DE −0.024 −0.398*** −0.288*** 0.428*** −0.028 −0.403*** −0.208*** 0.083***
(0.049) (0.038) (0.065) (0.045) (0.032) (0.082) (0.026) (0.023)
URB −0.663*** 0.090 0.333 0.098 0.497** 2.685*** 0.597*** −0.059
(0.096) (0.068) (0.228) (0.086) (0.290) (0.373) (0.044) (0.055)
EDU 0.007 −0.008 0.250*** 0.028* −0.048** −0.327*** 0.022*** 0.033***
(0.023) (0.009) (0.028) (0.022) (0.028) (0.054) (0.003) (0.004)
FDI 0.042*** −0.047*** −0.022 0.046*** −0.026*** 0.043 −0.046*** −0.002
(0.022) (0.009) (0.027) (0.020) (0.006) (0.030) (0.007) (0.005)
IND −0.044*** −0.004 −0.228*** −0.037*** −0.028** −0.242** −0.059*** −0.022***
(0.020) (0.008) (0.025) (0.008) (0.009) (0.069) (0.020) (0.004)
_Cons 0.808*** 0.383*** −0.623*** 0.568*** 0.229*** 2.454*** −0.274*** 0.002
(0.080) (0.058) (0.089) (0.073) (0.050) (0.380) (0.039) (0.035)
AR(3) −0.808 −2.395 0.228 0.085
[0.474] [0.288] [0.808] [0.852]
Hansen 28.750 27.558 39.733 39.789
[0.528] [0.799] [0.649] [0.645]
R2 0.488 0.437 0.525 0.488
N 480 480 480 480 470 470 470 470

Note: ***, ** and * represents the significance level at 1 %, 5 % and 10 % respectively.