Table 1.
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Based Treatments for Obesity Management
| Drug | Phase | Year of approval for obesity | Trial (study duration) | No. of participants | Maximum dosage | Mean weight loss from baseline | Proportion of patients losing >15%/>10% of baseline weight | Most common adverse events (nausea) | Discontinuation rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1RAs | |||||||||
| Liraglutide [15] | Phase 3 | 2018 | SCALE (56 weeks) | 3,731 | 3.0 mg, qd | 8.0% | 14.4%/26.1% | 40.2% | 9.9% |
| Semaglutide [16] | Phase 3 | 2021 | STEP1 (68 weeks) | 1,961 | 2.4 mg, qw | 14.9% | 50.5%/69.1% | 44.2% | 7.0% |
| Efpeglenatide [17] | Phase 2 | - | NCT02075281 (20 weeks) | 297 | 6 mg, qw | 7.3% | -/27.1% | 59.3% | 19.0% |
| GIP/GLP-1RA | |||||||||
| Tirzepatide [18] | Phase 3 | 2023 | SURMOUNT1 (72 weeks) | 2,539 | 15 mg, qw | 20.9% | 70.6%/83.5% | 31.0% | 6.2% |
| GLP-1/GCGRA | |||||||||
| Survodutide (BI 456906) [20] | Phase 2 | NCT04667377 (46 weeks) | 387 | 4.8 mg, qw | 14.9% | 68.8%/54.7% | - | 24.6% | |
| GIP/GLP-1/GCGRA | |||||||||
| Retatrutide (LY3437943) [19] | Phase 2 | - | NCT04881760 (48 weeks) | 338 | 12 mg, qw | 17.5% | 93%/83% | 45.0% | 16.0% |
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SCALE, Satiety and Clinical Adiposity-Liraglutide; qd, once a day; STEP1, Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity 1; qw, once weekly; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GCGRA, glucagon receptor agonist.