Table 3.

Changes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis prevalence among individuals with obesity between before and during the COVID–19 pandemic (weighted % [95 % CI]) based on data obtained from the KNHANES.

	Asthma				Atopic dermatitis				Allergic rhinitis
	2020 versus 2017–2019 (reference)		2021 versus 2020 (reference)		2020 versus 2017–2019 (reference)		2021 versus 2020 (reference)		2020 versus 2017–2019 (reference)		2021 versus 2020 (reference)
	Weighted OR (95 % CI)	P–value	Weighted OR (95 % CI)	P–value	Weighted OR (95 % CI)	P–value	Weighted OR (95 % CI))	P–value	Weighted OR (95 % CI)	P–value	Weighted OR (95 % CI)	P–value
Overall	1.06 (0.82–1.37)	0.664	1.01 (0.74–1.39)	0.940	1.07 (0.84–1.36)	0.597	1.11 (0.82–1.50)	0.517	1.05 (0.92–1.20)	0.448	1.13 (0.96–1.33)	0.142
Age group
2–18	1.34 (0.56–3.18)	0.510	0.95 (0.27–3.35)	0.934	0.82 (0.51–1.34)	0.431	1.32 (0.65–2.69)	0.439	0.99 (0.66–1.50)	0.966	1.25 (0.70–2.22)	0.450
19–39	1.05 (0.66–1.68)	0.832	0.73 (0.37–1.41)	0.345	1.10 (0.80–1.53)	0.562	1.22 (0.82–1.82)	0.336	0.95 (0.75–1.19)	0.639	1.17 (0.88–1.56)	0.279
40–59	1.28 (0.75–2.19)	0.371	1.16 (0.62–2.17)	0.638	1.42 (0.80–2.53)	0.232	0.78 (0.38–1.59)	0.494	1.21 (0.99–1.47)	0.061	1.06 (0.82–1.36)	0.654
≥60	0.87 (0.59–1.28)	0.470	1.24 (0.79–1.94)	0.357	0.82 (0.41–1.65)	0.574	0.74 (0.32–1.75)	0.496	1.02 (0.78–1.33)	0.901	1.26 (0.91–1.75)	0.156
Sex
Male	1.18 (0.83–1.67)	0.357	0.80 (0.50–1.27)	0.346	0.96 (0.70–1.32)	0.817	1.12 (0.75–1.68)	0.576	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	0.807	1.26 (1.02 to 1.55)	0.031
Female	0.91 (0.62–1.32)	0.616	1.38 (0.89–2.12)	0.150	1.27 (0.84–1.91)	0.253	1.08 (0.66–1.77)	0.765	1.10 (0.91–1.32)	0.327	0.97 (0.77–1.21)	0.783
Region of residence
Urban	1.08 (0.81–1.45)	0.595	1.04 (0.73–1.49)	0.823	1.07 (0.83–1.39)	0.580	1.05 (0.76–1.45)	0.755	1.05 (0.91–1.20)	0.507	1.20 (1.01 to 1.42)	0.041
Rural	0.96 (0.56–1.65)	0.894	0.87 (0.46–1.65)	0.675	0.94 (0.46–1.91)	0.863	1.74 (0.72–4.22)	0.222	1.05 (0.73–1.51)	0.776	0.81 (0.51–1.28)	0.363
Education
High school or lower education	1.31 (0.95–1.82)	0.102	0.92 (0.62–1.36)	0.667	1.00 (0.70–1.44)	0.988	1.07 (0.67–1.73)	0.771	1.09 (0.90–1.31)	0.382	1.12 (0.88–1.43)	0.345
College or higher education	0.92 (0.60–1.41)	0.698	1.08 (0.64–1.83)	0.766	1.10 (0.80–1.52)	0.553	1.14 (0.76–1.70)	0.526	1.03 (0.87–1.22)	0.758	1.09 (0.88–1.35)	0.451
Household income
Lowest and second quartile	1.26 (0.89–1.78)	0.193	0.91 (0.60–1.37)	0.637	1.01 (0.68–1.52)	0.947	1.09 (0.67–1.79)	0.726	0.91 (0.73–1.13)	0.390	1.11 (0.84–1.48)	0.463
Third and highest quartile	0.94 (0.66–1.34)	0.732	1.10 (0.70–1.74)	0.684	1.09 (0.80–1.47)	0.592	1.12 (0.75–1.66)	0.588	1.11 (0.95–1.30)	0.202	1.15 (0.94–1.40)	0.176

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR, odds ratio.

The numbers in bold indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).