Table 1.
Comparative analysis of baseline characteristics between the training and test cohorts.
| Variables | Total (n = 538) | Training cohort (n = 376) | Test cohort (n = 162) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location, N (%) | 0.34 | |||
| RUL | 155 (28.8) | 109 (29) | 46 (28.4) | |
| RLL | 126 (23.4) | 81 (21.5) | 45 (27.8) | |
| RML | 43 (8) | 33 (8.8) | 10 (6.2) | |
| LUL | 126 (23.4) | 94 (25) | 32 (19.8) | |
| LLL | 88 (16.4) | 59 (15.7) | 29 (17.9) | |
| Boundary, N (%) | 0.988 | |||
| Ill-Defined | 121 (22.5) | 84 (22.3) | 37 (22.8) | |
| Well-Defined | 417 (77.5) | 292 (77.7) | 125 (77.2) | |
| Shape, N (%) | 0.832 | |||
| Irregular | 291 (54.1) | 205 (54.5) | 86 (53.1) | |
| Others | 247 (45.9) | 171 (45.5) | 76 (46.9) | |
| Lobulation, N (%) | 0.864 | |||
| Absence | 122 (22.7) | 84 (22.3) | 38 (23.5) | |
| Presence | 416 (77.3) | 292 (77.7) | 124 (76.5) | |
| Spiculation, N (%) | 0.697 | |||
| Absence | 154 (28.6) | 110 (29.3) | 44 (27.2) | |
| Presence | 384 (71.4) | 266 (70.7) | 118 (72.8) | |
| Vascular Convergence Sign, N (%) | 0.431 | |||
| Absence | 280 (52) | 191 (50.8) | 89 (54.9) | |
| Presence | 258 (48) | 185 (49.2) | 73 (45.1) | |
| Vacuole Sign, N (%) | 0.139 | |||
| Absence | 431 (80.1) | 308 (81.9) | 123 (75.9) | |
| Presence | 107 (19.9) | 68 (18.1) | 39 (24.1) | |
| Pleural Indentation, N (%) | 0.559 | |||
| Absence | 129 (24) | 87 (23.1) | 42 (25.9) | |
| Presence | 409 (76) | 289 (76.9) | 120 (74.1) | |
| Sex, N (%) | 0.558 | |||
| Male | 257 (47.8) | 176 (46.8) | 81 (50) | |
| Female | 281 (52.2) | 200 (53.2) | 81 (50) | |
| Age, Median (Q1, Q3) | 61 (54, 67) | 61 (54, 67) | 61 (54, 67.8) | 0.845 |
| Size, Median (Q1, Q3) | 20.6 (15, 26.6) | 20.8 (15, 26.2) | 20.4 (15.2, 27.8) | 0.5 |
| Group, n (%) | 0.429 | |||
| INMA | 488 (90.7) | 344 (91.5) | 144 (88.9) | |
| IMA | 50 (9.3) | 32 (8.5) | 18 (11.1) | |
Abbreviation: LUL Left Upper Lobe, LLL Left Lower Lobe, RUL Right Upper Lobe, RML Right Middle Lobe, RLL Right Lower Lobe, IMA Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, LADC Lung Adenocarcinoma, INMA invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma.