Table 1.
Clinical characteristics for the benign and malignant patients in the study cohort
| Variable | Malignant disease (N = 72) | Benign disease (N = 45) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (median, (range)) | 66.9 (34.7–87.6) | 66.9 (32.0–80.9) | ||
| Gender (N, (%)) | ||||
| Male | 38 (52.8%) | 26 (57.8%) | ||
| Female | 34 (47.2%) | 19 (42.2%) | ||
| BMI (median, (range)) | 23.8 (14.5–43.1) | (NA = 1) | 25.2 (18.1–35.4) | (NA = 1) |
| Nutritional status (N, (%)) | ||||
| No malnutrition | 27 (39.1%) | (NA = 3) | 36 (85.7%) | (NA = 3) |
| Moderate | 19 (27.5%) | 4 (9.5%) | ||
| Severe | 23 (33.3%) | 2 (4.8%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (N, (%)) | ||||
| Yes | 15 (20.8%) | 11 (24.4%) | ||
| No | 57 (79.2%) | 34 (75.6%) | ||
| Blood type (N, (%)) | ||||
| A | 42 (58.3%) | 24 (53.3%) | ||
| B | 6 (8.3%) | 2 (4.4%) | ||
| O | 23 (31.9%) | 15 (33.3%) | ||
| AB | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (8.9%) | ||
| CA19-9 (median, (range)) | 184.5 (4–8403) | (NA = 16) | 15 (4–61) | (NA = 16) |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (N, (%)) | 6 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Surgery (N, (%)) | ||||
| Whipple | 23 (31.9%) | 7 (15.6%) | ||
| Pylorus preserving Whipple | 43 (59.7%) | 28 (62.2%) | ||
| Total pancreatectomya | 5 (6.9%) | - | ||
| Distal pancreatic resection | 1 (1.4%) | 9 (20.0%) | ||
| Cholecystectomy | - | 1 (2.2%) | ||
| Diagnosis (N, (%)) | ||||
| PDAC | 59 (81.9%) | IPMN 15 (33.3%) | ||
| Ampullary cancer | 3 (4.2%) | Pancreatitis 12 (26.7%) | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 5 (6.9%) | Other entitiesb 18 (40.0%) | ||
| Mucinous/IPMN associated carcinoma | 4 (5.6%) | |||
| Malignancy with uncertain origin | 1 (1.4%) | |||
| Recurrence status at 2-year follow-up (N, (%)) | ||||
| Yes | 56 (83.6%) | (NA = 5) | 0 (0%)c | |
| No | 11 (16.4%) | 45 (100%) | ||
| Survival status (last date of follow-up), (N, (%)) | ||||
| Alive | 8 (11.1%) | 40 (88.9%) | ||
| Dead | 64 (88.9%) | 5 (11.1%) | ||
| Overall survival in months (median, (range)) | 19.7 (1.2–114.8) | 50.6 (22.9–135.7) | ||
Study population N = 117
Total range or percentage in the parentheses
BMI Body mass index [34], CA19-9 Cancer antigen 19–9
aTotal pancreatectomy includes total pancreatectomy and total pancreatoduodenectomy
bOther entities include all other benign entities than Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) and pancreatitis
cNo patient diagnosed with benign disease had known development of cancer in the periampullary region by the time of last follow-up