Table 3.
Multiple linear regression models describing the association between Full Scale IQ scores at the 2nd wave and macronutrient intakes at the 3rd wave.
| Dependent variable | Explanatory variables [beta coefficient (β), p-value] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| FIQ | Carbohydrate intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | sex |
| β = −0.029, p = 0.233 | β = −0.007, p = 0.766 | β = 0.003, p = 0.915 | β = 0.292, p < 0.001 | β = 0.095, p = 0.057 | |
| Model 2 | |||||
| FIQ | Fat intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | sex |
| β = 0.005, p = 0.845 | β = −0.006, p = 0.784 | β = 0.001, p = 0.972 | β = 0.292, p < 0.001 | β = 0.116, p = 0.015 | |
| Model 3 | |||||
| FIQ | Protein intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | sex |
| β = 0.029, p = 0.216 | β = −0.005, p = 0.819 | β < 0.001, p = 1.00 | β = 0.291, p < 0.001 | β = 0.130, p = 0.008 | |
| Boys | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| FIQ | Carbohydrate intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | |
| β < −0.001, p = 0.993 | β = 0.004, p = 0.895 | β = 0.002, p = 0.960 | β = 0.313, p < 0.001 | ||
| Model 2 | |||||
| FIQ | Fat intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | |
| β = 0.036, p = 0.251 | β = 0.005, p = 0.878 | β < 0.001, p = 0.994 | β = 0.312, p < 0.001 | ||
| Model 3 | |||||
| FIQ | Protein intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | |
| β = 0.068, p = 0.031 | β = 0.006, p = 0.848 | β = −0.001, p = 0 0.973 | β = 0.311, p < 0.001 | ||
| Girls | |||||
| Model 1 | |||||
| FIQ | Carbohydrate intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | |
| β = −0.076, p = 0.024 | β = −0.023, p = 0.503 | β = 0.005, p = 0.888 | β = 0.266, p < 0.001 | ||
| Model 2 | |||||
| FIQ | Fat intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference in BMI-for-age between age at 12 to 14 | SES | |
| β = −0.040, p = 0.235 | β = −0.022, p = 0.516 | β = 0.001, p = 0.965 | β = 0.267, p < 0.001 | ||
| Model 3 | |||||
| FIQ | Protein intake | The measurement gap between FIQ and nutrition intake measures | Difference between BMI-for-age at age 12 and age 14 | SES | |
| β = −0.029, p = 0.387 | β = −0.022, p = 0.522 | β = 0.001, p = 0.971 | β = 0.267, p < 0.001 | ||
BMI, Body mass index; FIQ, Full scale intelligence quotient; SES, Socioeconomic status.