Table 4.
Associations across macronutrient intake, neural development, and intelligence.
| Dependent variable | Explanatory variables [beta coefficient (β), p-value] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | ||||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of carbohydrate intake | Carbohydrate intake | Change in betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus | Sex |
| β = 1.792, p = 0.109 | β = 0.012, p = 0.393 | β = −1,001, p = 0.089 | β = 0.252, p = 0.954 | |
| FIQ | The moderation effect of fat intake | Fat intake | Change in betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus | Sex |
| β = 12.41, p = 0.046 | β = 0.110, p = 0.132 | β = −1,406, p = 0.046 | β = 0.482, p = 0.905 | |
| FIQ | The moderation effect of protein intake | Protein intake | Change in betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus | Sex |
| β = 12.12, p = 0.040 | β = 0.104, p = 0.094 | β = −1,397, p = 0.055 | β = 1.184, p = 0.776 | |
| FIQ | The moderation effect of carbohydrate intake | Carbohydrate intake | Change in local efficiency in the left inferior frontal gyrus | Sex |
| β = −0.065, p = 0.294 | β = 0.014, p = 0.397 | β = 38.948, p = 0.421 | β = 1.848, p = 0.664 | |
| FIQ | The moderation effect of fat intake | Fat intake | Change in local efficiency in the left inferior frontal gyrus | Sex |
| β = −0.347, p = 0.261 | β = 0.096, p = 0.212 | β = 38.425, p = 0.447 | β = 1.600, p = 0.683 | |
| Boys | ||||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of carbohydrate intake | Carbohydrate intake | Change in betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus | |
| β = 3.074, p = 0.008 | β = 0.02217, p = 0.118 | β = −2068, p = 0.003 | ||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of fat intake | Fat intake | Change in betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus | |
| β = 16.72, p = 0.008 | β = 0.129, p = 0.085 | β = −2,328, p = 0.003 | ||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of protein intake | Protein intake | Change in betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus | |
| β = 17.45, p = 0.003 | β = 0.133, p = 0.035 | β = −2,449, p = 0.002 | ||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of carbohydrate intake | Carbohydrate intake | Change in local efficiency in the left inferior frontal gyrus | |
| β = −0.110, p = 0.109 | β = 0.030, p = 0.101 | β = 63.176, p = 0.261 | ||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of fat intake | Fat intake | Change in eccentricity in the left posterior cingulate gyrus | |
| β = −0.039, p = 0.877 | β = 0.060, p = 0.349 | β = 2.695, p = 0.904 | ||
| FIQ | The moderation effect of fat intake | Fat intake | Change in eccentricity in the right precuneus | |
| β = −0.078, p = 0.621 | β = 0.058, p = 0.346 | β = 14.76, p = 0.387 | ||
FIQ, Full scale intelligence quotient.