Table 3.
Association of Each Sleep Variable With Each MRI Marker of SVD Both After Controlling for Age, Sex, and Ethnicity and After Controlling for Both Demographic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
| Sleep measures | Outcome | N | Controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity | Controlling for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| β | SE | p Value | β | SE | p Value | |||
| Sleep duration | WMH | 41,535 | 0.0001 | 0.0045 | 0.982 | 0.002656 | 0.004513 | 0.556 |
| Insomnia | WMH | 41,498 | 0.0241 | 0.0107 | 0.024 | 0.007863 | 0.010788 | 0.466 |
| Chronotype | WMH | 37,199 | −0.0177 | 0.0097 | 0.067 | −0.01322 | 0.009789 | 0.177 |
| Napping | WMH | 41,511 | 0.0688 | 0.0095 | 5.56E-13 | 0.046697 | 0.009702 | 1.49E-06 |
| Dozing | WMH | 41,459 | 0.0293 | 0.320545 | 0.360 | 0.021213 | 0.032208 | 0.510 |
| Snoring | WMH | 39,200 | −0.0284 | 0.009977 | 0.004 | 0.02211 | 0.010349 | 0.0327 |
| Sleep duration | FA | 40,643 | 0.0038 | 0.0202 | 0.849 | 0.00949 | 0.020239 | 0.639 |
| Insomnia | FA | 40,624 | 0.1488 | 0.04801 | 0.002 | 0.091216 | 0.048207 | 0.0585 |
| Chronotype | FA | 36,398 | −0.0919 | 0.043747 | 0.036 | −0.07045 | 0.044017 | 0.109 |
| Napping | FA | 40,636 | 0.2129 | 0.042946 | 7.21E-07 | 0.121745 | 0.043419 | 0.005 |
| Dozing | FA | 40,584 | 0.1631 | 0.144319 | 0.258 | 0.109374 | 0.144243 | 0.448 |
| Snoring | FA | 38,379 | −0.1612 | 0.045017 | 0.0003 | 0.011804 | 0.046441 | 0.799 |
| Sleep duration | MD | 40,643 | 0.0393 | 0.02 | 0.050 | 0.03174 | 0.02013 | 0.115 |
| Insomnia | MD | 40,624 | 0.0429 | 0.047696 | 0.368 | 0.02187 | 0.04796 | 0.648 |
| Chronotype | MD | 36,398 | −0.1198 | 0.043388 | 0.006 | −0.10413 | 0.043717 | 0.017 |
| Napping | MD | 40,636 | 0.1550 | 0.04267 | 0.0003 | 0.132881 | 0.043196 | 0.002 |
| Dozing | MD | 40,584 | 0.0858 | 0.143382 | 0.550 | 0.101172 | 0.143508 | 0.826 |
| Snoring | MD | 38,379 | 0.1146 | 0.044676 | 0.010 | 0.148667 | 0.04615 | 0.001 |
| Sleep duration | PSMD | 40,364 | 0.0025 | 0.004292 | 0.559 | 0.005335 | 0.004328 | 0.218 |
| Insomnia | PSMD | 40,345 | 0.0003 | 0.010219 | 0.979 | −0.01268 | 0.010309 | 0.219 |
| Chronotype | PSMD | 36,155 | −0.0058 | 0.009292 | 0.530 | −0.00256 | 0.009393 | 0.785 |
| Napping | PSMD | 40,357 | 0.0511 | 0.009144 | 2.26E-08 | 0.033715 | 0.009289 | 0.0003 |
| Dozing | PSMD | 40,306 | 0.0236 | 0.030695 | 0.442 | 0.01445 | 0.030825 | 0.639 |
| Snoring | PSMD | 38,122 | −0.0116 | 0.009575 | 0.226 | 0.024362 | 0.009924 | 0.014 |
Abbreviations: FA = fractional anisotropy; MD = mean diffusivity; PSMD = peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity; SVD = small vessel disease; WMH = white matter hyperintensity.