Table 2.
Variable Means (Standard Deviations), by Preregulation Licensed Nurse Staffing Quartile
| Variable | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Pressure ulcers: Observed incidents | 5.2 (8.0) | 7.2 (8.4) | 7.4 (13.2) | 7.2 (8.4) |
| Pressure ulcers: Risk-adjusted percent | 0.26 (0.33) | 0.27 (0.30) | 0.24 (0.31) | 0.25 (0.23) |
| Failure-to-rescue: Observed incidents | 1.7 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.6) | 3.3 (4.7) | 3.5 (4.9) |
| Failure-to-rescue: Risk-adjusted percent | 27.87 (27.79) | 27.27 (21.58) | 32.80 (30.44) | 24.87 (25.01) |
| Infections: Observed incidents | 4.7 (5.9) | 7.6 (7.9) | 7.7 (10.5) | 9.9 (13.1) |
| Infections: Risk-adjusted percent | 0.10 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.10) | 0.14 (0.13) |
| Respiratory failure: Observed incidents | 6.9 (8.0) | 8.6 (8.1) | 11.5 (19.1) | 12.4 (21.3) |
| Respiratory failure: Risk-adjusted percent | 1.28 (1.21) | 1.01 (0.75) | 1.08 (1.51) | 0.89 (0.64) |
| DVT/PE: Observed incidents | 4.6 (5.5) | 10.2 (13.6) | 9.5 (17.9) | 15.2 (23.8) |
| DVT/PE: Risk-adjusted percent | 0.26 (0.24) | 0.34 (0.27) | 0.29 (0.25) | 0.38 (0.34) |
| Sepsis: Observed incidents | 1.1 (1.9) | 1.6 (2.1) | 2.0 (3.3) | 2.1 (2.9) |
| Sepsis: Risk-adjusted percent | 0.73 (1.22) | 0.69 (0.99) | 0.71 (1.13) | 0.70 (1.16) |
| Nurse intensity weight (NIW) | 3.11 (0.33) | 3.20 (0.34) | 3.20 (0.38) | 3.25 (0.43) |
| NlW-adjusted nonregistry RN HPPD | 3.70 (1.16) | 4.32 (1.15) | 4.50 (1.18) | 5.14 (1.39) |
| NlW-adjusted registry RN HPPD | 0.64 (0.75) | 0.61 (0.57) | 0.86 (0.79) | 0.72 (0.68) |
| NlW-adjusted LVN HPPD | 0.72 (0.63) | 0.65 (0.51) | 0.85 (0.75) | 1.00 (0.86) |
| NIW-adjusted aide HPPD | 2.61 (0.97) | 2.58 (1.00) | 2.22 (1.06) | 2.09 (1.06) |
| Percent Medicare IPD | 30.9 (12.0) | 29.0 (10.3) | 29.0 (11.9) | 33.0 (11.6) |
| Percent Medicaid IPD | 15.6 (12.0) | 14.8 (9.9) | 14.8 (11.9) | 13.7 (9.5) |
| Number of medical-surgical unit beds | 83.5 (53.6) | 94.8 (52.3) | 106.1 (91.1) | 112.5 (83.8) |
| Number of observations | 409 | 410 | 407 | 419 |
| Number of hospitals | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 |
Note. DVT = deep-vein thrombosis; PE = pulmonary embolism; RN = registered nurse; HPPD = hours per patient day; LVN = licensed vocational nurse; IPD = inpatient day.