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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 3.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care Res Rev. 2013 Feb 11;70(4):380–399. doi: 10.1177/1077558713475715

Table 2.

Variable Means (Standard Deviations), by Preregulation Licensed Nurse Staffing Quartile

Variable Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4

Pressure ulcers: Observed incidents 5.2 (8.0) 7.2 (8.4) 7.4 (13.2) 7.2 (8.4)
Pressure ulcers: Risk-adjusted percent 0.26 (0.33) 0.27 (0.30) 0.24 (0.31) 0.25 (0.23)
Failure-to-rescue: Observed incidents 1.7 (2.4) 2.6 (2.6) 3.3 (4.7) 3.5 (4.9)
Failure-to-rescue: Risk-adjusted percent 27.87 (27.79) 27.27 (21.58) 32.80 (30.44) 24.87 (25.01)
Infections: Observed incidents 4.7 (5.9) 7.6 (7.9) 7.7 (10.5) 9.9 (13.1)
Infections: Risk-adjusted percent 0.10 (0.10) 0.13 (0.10) 0.12 (0.10) 0.14 (0.13)
Respiratory failure: Observed incidents 6.9 (8.0) 8.6 (8.1) 11.5 (19.1) 12.4 (21.3)
Respiratory failure: Risk-adjusted percent 1.28 (1.21) 1.01 (0.75) 1.08 (1.51) 0.89 (0.64)
DVT/PE: Observed incidents 4.6 (5.5) 10.2 (13.6) 9.5 (17.9) 15.2 (23.8)
DVT/PE: Risk-adjusted percent 0.26 (0.24) 0.34 (0.27) 0.29 (0.25) 0.38 (0.34)
Sepsis: Observed incidents 1.1 (1.9) 1.6 (2.1) 2.0 (3.3) 2.1 (2.9)
Sepsis: Risk-adjusted percent 0.73 (1.22) 0.69 (0.99) 0.71 (1.13) 0.70 (1.16)
Nurse intensity weight (NIW) 3.11 (0.33) 3.20 (0.34) 3.20 (0.38) 3.25 (0.43)
NlW-adjusted nonregistry RN HPPD 3.70 (1.16) 4.32 (1.15) 4.50 (1.18) 5.14 (1.39)
NlW-adjusted registry RN HPPD 0.64 (0.75) 0.61 (0.57) 0.86 (0.79) 0.72 (0.68)
NlW-adjusted LVN HPPD 0.72 (0.63) 0.65 (0.51) 0.85 (0.75) 1.00 (0.86)
NIW-adjusted aide HPPD 2.61 (0.97) 2.58 (1.00) 2.22 (1.06) 2.09 (1.06)
Percent Medicare IPD 30.9 (12.0) 29.0 (10.3) 29.0 (11.9) 33.0 (11.6)
Percent Medicaid IPD 15.6 (12.0) 14.8 (9.9) 14.8 (11.9) 13.7 (9.5)
Number of medical-surgical unit beds 83.5 (53.6) 94.8 (52.3) 106.1 (91.1) 112.5 (83.8)
Number of observations 409 410 407 419
Number of hospitals 57 57 57 57

Note. DVT = deep-vein thrombosis; PE = pulmonary embolism; RN = registered nurse; HPPD = hours per patient day; LVN = licensed vocational nurse; IPD = inpatient day.