Table 4.

Marginal Effect of a 1-Hour Increase in NIW-Adjusted RN HPPD, Percentage Change in Incidence of PSIs^a

RN HPPD Percentile Value	Pressure ulcer	Failure to rescue	Infections	Respiratory failure	DVT/PE	Sepsis
25th	1.0 (4.5)	−2.4 (3.9)	4.7 (3.4)	1.4 (2.7)	3.2 (3.3)	2.8 (5.9)
50th	0.7 (3.4)	−2.0 (3.0)	3.6 (2.5)	1.1 (2.1)	3.1 (2.6)	3.2 (4.5)
75th	0.4 (2.5)	−1.7 (2.5)	2.4 (2.2)	0.7 (1.8)	2.9 (2.1)	3.6 (3.5)

Note. NIW = nursing intensity weight; RN = registered nurses; HPPD = hours per patient day; PSI = patient safety indicator; DVT = deep-vein thrombosis; PE = pulmonary embolism.

^a.Estimates are obtained from fixed-effects Poisson regression models that include variables measuring NIW-adjusted HPPD in the medical–surgical cost center for three staffing measures (RNs, LVNs, and Aides), their squares, and interactions. Also included as controls are the variables percent Medicare inpatient days, percent Medicaid inpatient days, and the natural log of the number of beds in the medical–surgical cost center, and fixed effects for time. The table provides the estimates for the percent change in adverse incidents associated with a one NIW-adjusted HPPD increase in RN staffing at the 25th percentile (4.12), 50th percentile (5.00), and 75th percentile (5.98) of NIW-adjusted RN staffing in medical–surgical cost centers.