Table 3.
HRs (95% CIs) for colorectal cancer by quartiles of dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA (N=59,986)
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Total n-6PUFA | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 186/177,229 | 217/176,460 | 231/177,444 | 242/179,661 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 0.21 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.16 (0.95–1.41) | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 0.16 |
| Linoleic acid (LA) 18:2 | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 184/177,212 | 218/176,437 | 232/177,460 | 242/179,684 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) | 0.19 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 1.22 (0.99–1.49) | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 0.15 |
| Arachidonic acid (AA) 20:4 | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 246/175,841 | 212/176,601 | 212/178,158 | 206/180,195 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | 0.91 (0.76–1.10) | 0.38 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 0.30 |
|
| |||||
| Total n-3PUFA | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 210/175,390 | 219/176,252 | 233/178,258 | 214/180,894 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 1.07 (0.88–1.29) | 0.39 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 0.42 |
| n-3HUFA | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 249/175,078 | 253/176,174 | 194/178,154 | 180/181,388 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | 0.93 (0.77–1.21) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.44 |
| Multivariable HRb | 1 (ref.) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.35 |
| Marine-derived PUFA | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 254/175,133 | 248/176,164 | 195/178,243 | 179/181,254 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.36 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.27 |
| Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) C18:3 | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 199/175,846 | 212/176,614 | 240/177,848 | 225/180,487 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 1.17 (0.97–1.42) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 0.22 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 1.15 (0.92–1.43) | 0.18 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) C20:5 | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 250/175,036 | 248/176,047 | 201/178,266 | 177/181,445 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | 0.95 (0.78–1.15) | 0.47 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.93 (0.75–1.14) | 0.33 |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) C22:5 | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 241/174,933 | 252/176,140 | 201/178,019 | 182/181,702 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.69 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.12 (0.93–1.33) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 0.63 |
| Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) C22:6 | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 254/175,152 | 243/176,161 | 198/178,225 | 181/181,256 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 0.43 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 1.02 (0.86–1.22) | 0.95 (0.78–1.14) | 0.92 (0.76–1.13) | 0.34 |
|
| |||||
| Ratio n-6PUFA/n-3 PUFA | |||||
| No. of cases/person-years | 183/180,326 | 194/179,208 | 225/177,344 | 274/173,915 | |
| Age, energy intake adjusted HR a | 1 (ref.) | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.99 (0.81–1.20) | 1.08 (0.89–1.30) | 0.29 |
| Multivariable HR b | 1 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | 1.11 (0.91–1.36) | 0.22 |
Model 1: Cox proportional hazards model was adjusted for age, and total energy intake (residual method).
Model 2: Cox proportional hazards model was adjusted for age, total energy intake (residual method), education levels, alcohol consumption (continuous - drinks/day), family history of CRC, history of other diseases (cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke or diabetes mellitus), BMI (continuous - kg/m2), physical activity (continuous - MET-hour/week), fiber intake, calcium intake (kcal/day, continous) and was stratified income levels and cigarette smoking.
Total n-6 PUFA: LA + AA; Total n-3 PUFA: EPA + DHA + ALA + DPA or EPA + DHA + ALA; n-3 HUFA: EPA + DHA + DPA; Marine-derived PUFA: EPA + DHA.