Table 4.
List of studies investigating the utility of ChatGPT and Google Bard across various contexts of medicine and healthcare.
| First author | Year of publication | LLMs | Domain | Questions (n) | Reviewers (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Ashwal FY22 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard—Bing AI | Drug-drug interactions | 225 (OE) | NA |
| Dhanvijay AK23 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard—Bing AI | Physiology | 77 (OE) | 2 |
| Seth I24 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard—Bing AI | Rhinoplasty | 6 (OE) | 3 |
| Koga S25 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard | Neurodegenerative disorder | 25 (OE) | NA |
| Kumari A26 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard | Hematology | 50 (OE) | 3 |
| Lim ZW27 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard | Myopia | 31 (OE) | 3 |
| Meo SA28 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard | Endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology | 100 (MC) | — |
| Toyama Y29 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard | Radiology | 103 (MC) | 3 |
| Waisberg E30 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard | Ophthalmology | NA | 4 |
| Zuniga Salazar G31 | 2023 | ChatGPT—Google Bard—Bing AI | Emergency | 176 (OE) | NA |
Abbreviations: MC, multiple choice; NA, not available; OE, open-ended.