Table 1. Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with acute renal failure (ARF) admitted to a Brazilian intensive care unit (ICU).
| Survivors (n = 48) | Non-survivors (n = 80) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 46.9 ± 20.7 | 51.1 ± 20.5 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) | 32/16 | 47/33 | NS |
| Time for ARF to develop (days) | 2.3 ± 5.7 | 3.7 ± 6.7 | 0.002 |
| Time until dialysis started (days) | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 3.2 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 16 ± 13 | 18 ± 17 | 0.006 |
| Hypotension | 13 (27%) | 49 (61.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 9 (18.7%) | 43 (53.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Nephrotoxic drugs | 6 (12.5%) | 22 (27.5%) | 0.04 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 7 (14.5%) | 30 (37.5%) | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 14 (29.1%) | 11 (13.7%) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 5 (10.4%) | 7 (8.7%) | NS |
| Liver disease | 2 (4.1%) | 8 (10%) | NS |
| Cardiopathy | 14 (29.1%) | 19 (23.7%) | NS |
| Surgery | 5 (10.4%) | 7 (8.7%) | NS |
| Neoplasm | 1 (2.08%) | 6 (7.5%) | NS |
| Liver failure | 7 (14.5%) | 29 (36.2%) | 0.008 |
| Septic shock | 1 (2.08%) | 33 (41.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 11 (22.9%) | 45 (56.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Venous hydration | 29 (60.4%) | 55 (68.7%) | NS |
| Vasoactive drugs during ICU stay | 14 (29.1%) | 52 (65%) | < 0.001 |
| Loop diuretics during ICU stay | 20 (41.6%) | 28 (35%) | NS |
| Aminoglycosides during ICU stay | 6 (12.5%) | 20 (25%) | NS |
| ACE inhibitors during ICU stay | 15 (31.2%) | 7 (8.7%) | 0.001 |
| SBPmin (mmHg) at admission | 108 ± 32 | 79 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
| DBPmin (mmHg) at admission | 64 ± 24 | 45 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| Multiple organ dysfunction | 0 | 18 (22.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Dialysis | 11 (22.9%) | 30 (37.5%) | NS |
| Oliguria | 14 (29.1%) | 51 (63.7%) | < 0.001 |
NS = not significant; ACE inhibitors = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; SBPmin = minimum systolic blood pressure; DBPmin = minimum diastolic blood pressure.