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. 2023 Oct 10;325(6):L776–L787. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00103.2023

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Grandmaternal allergen exposure during pregnancy alters airway epithelial DNA methylation at baseline and after allergen sensitization in second-generation offspring. Whole genome methylation was assessed in airway epithelium of second-generation mice (F2) before and after allergen sensitization. Nonsensitized F2 mice from house dust mite (HDM)-exposed F0 founders had 290 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (F0 HDM•F2 Base) with a predominantly hypermethylated response compared with control mice (F0 Veh•F2 Base). HDM-sensitized F2 from vehicle-treated F0 founders had 261 DMRs with a predominantly hypomethylated response (F0Veh•F2Sens). In contrast, HDM-sensitized F2 mice from HDM-exposed F0 founders had 1,234 DMRs with a predominantly hypermethylated response (F0 HDM•F2 Sens). In total, only 29 differentially methylated genes were shared between HDM-sensitized F2 mice from HDM-exposed founders compared with HDM-sensitized F2 mice from vehicle-exposed founders. Of these genes, 11 of 29 shared a matching pattern of hyper- or hypomethylation between lineages. n = 8 total for each group (n = 4 males and n = 4 females).