Fig. 1.

Natural splines (3 df) for the association between road traffic, railway or aircraft noise and nonT1-DM mortality. Full cohort including 4,136,220 adults over 30 years (and 72,342 nonT1-DM deaths), followed from 2001 to 2015. Multipollutant models, adjusting for the other two noise sources plus NO₂

Notes: Outcome definition: nonT1-DM(ICD-10: E11-E14). Model 3: Natural spline (3 df) for road traffic, railway or aircraft noise (other two noise sources included as adjustment), included strata sex and period (i.e. 2001–2005, 2006–2010, or 2011–2015), and adjusted for mother tongue, nationality, civil status, education, local-SEP, area-SEP and unemployment, and NO₂. Vertical red lines show WHO guideline levels based on Lden: road traffic = 53 dB, railway = 54 dB, aircraft = 45 dB