Table 1.
Full population characteristics at baseline, 2001
| Characteristic | Cohort | Deathsc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nonT1-DM | DM | T1-DM | ||
| Number of participants | 4,136,220 | 72,342 | 73,388 | 1,046 |
| Person-years | 55,563,446 | |||
| Male (%) | 47.8 | 52.3 | 52.4 | 58.4 |
| Age (%) | ||||
| 30–64 | 76.5 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 53.0 |
| 65–79 | 18.3 | 55.3 | 55.0 | 34.3 |
| 80+ | 5.2 | 22.6 | 22.5 | 12.7 |
| Mother tongue (%) | ||||
| German and Rhaeto-Romansch | 65.5 | 72.5 | 72.4 | 70.4 |
| French | 19.3 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 20.4 |
| Italian | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 5.7 |
| Other | 7.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.5 |
| Education (%) | ||||
| Compulsory education or less | 24.7 | 44.2 | 44.0 | 30.2 |
| Upper secondary level | 53.0 | 44.4 | 44.5 | 50.6 |
| Tertiary level education | 22.3 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 19.2 |
| Marital status (%)a | ||||
| Single | 13.4 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 16.2 |
| Married | 69.9 | 57.0 | 57.0 | 57.4 |
| Divorced | 8.5 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 12.1 |
| Widowed | 8.2 | 26.9 | 26.7 | 14.3 |
| Swiss nationality (%)a | 83.2 | 91.5 | 91.5 | 89.9 |
| Local-SEP (%), mean (SD)a, b | 63.3 (10.5) | 61.8 (10.0) | 61.8 (10.0) | 63.3 (10.2) |
| Area-SEP community (%), mean (SD)a | 62.9 (6.7) | 62.4 (6.5) | 62.4 (6.5) | 63.2 (6.4) |
| Area-SEP community-region (%), mean (SD)a | 0.1 (5.2) | -0.4 (5.1) | -0.4 (5.1) | 0.1 (5.0) |
| Area unemployment community (%), mean (SD)a | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.6 (1.4) |
| Area unemployment community-region(%), mean (SD)a | 0.0 (1.2) | 0.1 (1.2) | 0.1 (1.2) | 0.1 (1.2) |
| Road traffic noise, Lden (dB), mean (SD)a | 54.3 (8.2) | 55.0 (8.2) | 55.1 (8.2) | 55.4 (8.0) |
| Railway noise Lden (dB), mean (SD)a | 38.4(11.0) | 38.9 (11.3) | 38.9 (11.3) | 39.0 (11.3) |
| Aircraft noise Lden (dB), mean (SD)a | 34.5 (7.7) | 34.2 (7.5) | 34.2 (7.5) | 34.5 (7.4) |
| Total noise Intermittency Ratio (IR) at night (%)a | 69.7 (20.9) | 70.3 (20.4) | 70.3 (20.4) | 69.6 (19.9) |
| Total noise events at night (count), mean (SD)a | 171.1 (188.7) | 181.5 (196.6) | 181.7 (196.8) | 190.8 (205.9) |
| NO2 concentration (µg/m3), mean (SD) | 23.6 (7.4) | 23.7 (7.5) | 23.8 (7.5) | 24.6 (7.6) |
| PM2.5 concentration (µg/m3), mean (SD) | 15.9 (2.4) | 15.9 (2.4) | 15.9 (2.4) | 16.1 (2.3) |
acensus/exposure data available at multiple time points, and updated at beginning of each 5-year period; baseline values shown here
bQuartiles of local-socioeconomic position (SEP) used in models
cOutcome definition: nonT1-DM (ICD-10: E11-E14); DM (IDC-10: E10-E14, includes type 1 diabetes); T1-DM (ICD-10: E10, type 1 diabetes)