Table 2.
Association between transportation noise source and diabetes mortality. Full cohort including 4,136,220 adults over 30 years, followed from 2001 to 2015. Multipollutant models, adjusting for the other two noise sources plus NO2. HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 10 dB increase in Lden noise source
| Outcome definition | Main: nonT1-DM | Secondary 1: DM | Secondary 2: T1-DM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICD-10: E11-E14 | IDC-10: E10-E14 | ICD-10: E10 | |||||||
| N deaths | 72,342 | 73,388 | 1046 | ||||||
| Noise source | Road traffic | Railway | Aircraft | Road traffic | Railway | Aircraft | Road traffic | Railway | Aircraft |
| Model 0 |
1.08 (1.07, 1.09) |
1.04 (1.03, 1.05) |
0.97 (0.96, 0.98) |
1.08 (1.07, 1.09) |
1.04 (1.03, 1.05) |
0.97 (0.96, 0.98) |
1.17 (1.09, 1.27) |
1.04 (0.99, 1.10) |
1.00 (0.92, 1.08) |
| Model 1 |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.03 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.03 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
1.14 (1.06, 1.23) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
1.00 (0.92, 1.09) |
| Model 2 |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
1.13 (1.04, 1.22) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
0.94 (0.84, 1.04) |
|
Model 3 (main model) |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.09 (1.01, 1.18) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
0.92 (0.83, 1.03) |
| Model 3b |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.00 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.12 (1.03, 1.21) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
0.92 (0.82, 1.02) |
| Model 4.1 |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.06 (1.05, 1.07) |
1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.09 (1.00, 1.18) |
1.01 (0.95, 1.08) |
0.92 (0.83, 1.03) |
| Model 4.2 |
1.04 (1.03, 1.05) |
1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
1.04 (1.03, 1.06) |
1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.08 (0.97, 1.19) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.09) |
0.93 (0.83, 1.03) |
Notes:
Model 0 included noise exposure (road traffic, railway and aircraft noise; Lden), strata sex and period (i.e. 2001–2005, 2006–2010, or 2011–2015)
Model 1 included Model 0 + the individual-level covariates civil status, education level, mother tongue, nationality and quartiles of local-SEP
Model 2 included Model 1 + community and regional SEP score and unemployment
Model 3 (main model) included Model 2 + quartiles of NO2 exposure
Model 3b included Model 2 + quartiles PM2.5 exposure
Model 4.1 included Model 3 + quartiles of intermittency ratio (IR) at night
Model 4.2 included Model 3 + quartiles of number of noise events at night